Restricted Activation of the NF-κB Pathway in Individuals with Latent Tuberculosis Infection after HIF-1α Blockade.

Tuberculous granuloma formation is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), and is essential for establishing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and its progression to active tuberculosis (TB). Here, we investigated whether HIF-1α expression and adjacent mechanisms were associated with latent or active TB infection. Patients with active TB, individuals with LTBI, and healthy controls were recruited, and the expression of cytokine genes IL15, IL18, TNFA, IL6, HIF1A, and A20 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum vitamin D (25(OH)D3) levels were evaluated. Additionally, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were analyzed in PBMC lysates and culture supernatants, respectively, after HIF-1α blockade with 2-methoxyestradiol. We observed that IL-15 expression was higher in individuals with LTBI than in patients with active TB, while IL-18 and TNF-α expression was similar between LTBI and TB groups. Additionally, serum 25(OH)D3 levels and expression of IL-6, HIF1A, and A20 were higher in patients with active TB than in individuals with LTBI. Moreover, PBMCs from individuals with LTBI showed decreased NF-κB phosphorylation and increased TNF-α production after HIF-1α blockade. Together, these results suggest that under hypoxic conditions, TNF-α production and NF-κB pathway downregulation are associated with the LTBI phenotype.

Literacia para a saúde para o uso da internet por profissionais de serviços hospitalares / Health literacy for internet use by hospital professionals / Alfabetización en salud para uso de internet por parte de profesionales del hospital

Objetivo: Conhecer o nível de literacia para a saúde dos profissionais para uso da internet na obtenção de informações apropriadas de saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal de abordagem metodológica quantitativa, realizado com trabalhadores dos setores de Pronto Socorro Adulto e Infantil de um hospital público de ensino. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro e dezembro de 2017, utilizando questionário European Health Literacy Scale sobre Literacia para a saúde traduzido e em validação para o contexto brasileiro. Resultados: Os participantes expressaram usar a internet para buscar informações para questões relacionadas à saúde, julgaram ser um meio útil para ajudá-los a tomar decisões sobre sua saúde, porém, ao acessarem tais fontes de informação se sentem inseguros com a credibilidade das mesmas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os participantes acessam e utilizam as informações de saúde para tomarem decisão nesta área. Os profissionais de saúde com maior grau de escolaridade possuem maior facilidade de acesso e utilização dos recursos da internet o que contribui para altos níveis de literacia para a saúde via internet. (AU)

Objective: Recognize the level of health literacy of professionals to use the internet to obtain appropriate health information. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative methodological approach, carried out with workers from the Adult and Child Care sectors of a public teaching hospital. Data were collected between October and December 2017, using the European Health Literacy Scale questionnaire on Health Literacy translated and validating for the Brazilian context. Results: The participants expressed using the internet to seek information for health-related issues, they thought it was a useful way to help them make decisions about their health, however, when accessing such sources of information they feel insecure with their credibility. Conclusion: It is concluded that the participants access and use health information to make decisions in this area. Health professionals with a higher level of education have easier access to and use of Internet resources, which contributes to high levels of health literacy via the Internet. (AU)

Objetivo: Conocer el nivel de alfabetización en salud de los profesionales para usar Internet para obtener información de salud adecuada. Métodos: Estudio transversal con un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo, realizado con trabajadores de los sectores de Cuidado de Adultos y Niños de un hospital público docente. Los datos se recopilaron entre octubre y diciembre de 2017, utilizando el cuestionario de la Escala Europea de Alfabetización en Salud sobre Alfabetización en Salud traducido y validado para el contexto brasileño. Resultados: Los participantes expresaron el uso de Internet para buscar información sobre temas relacionados con la salud, pensaron que era una forma útil de ayudarlos a tomar decisiones sobre su salud, sin embargo, al acceder a esas fuentes de información se sienten inseguros con su credibilidad. Conclusión: Se concluye que los participantes acceden y usan la información de salud para tomar decisiones en esta área. Los profesionales de la salud con un mayor nivel de educación tienen un acceso y un uso más fáciles de los recursos de Internet, lo que contribuye a altos niveles de alfabetización en salud a través de Internet. (AU)

Compounds isolated from Bixa orellana: evidence-based advances to treat infectious diseases / Compuestos aislados de Bixa orellana: avances basados en la evidencia para tratar enfermedades infecciosas

SUMMARY Bixa orellana L. is a native plant from Brazil, but it is also present in other tropical countries such as Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Indonesia, India and East Africa. It is popularly known as Urucum in Brazil. This review shows the potential of bioactive compounds derived from B. orellana to treat infectious diseases due their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This plant is also related as an antiinflammatory agent for treatment of pulmonary diseases, or even as eye drops for redness. Its leaves are used for treatment of snakebite, diarrhea, gonorrhea, hepatitis, gastritis, diuretic, antipyretic, and for skin disease. This popular knowledge has encouraged the identification of bioactive compounds in this plant. Compounds as β-cryptoxanthin, geranylgeraniol, lutein, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3, ellagi tannin isomer and ellagic acid deoxyhexose have been described. These compounds inhibited pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoan and viruses. In addition, some compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were also described. In this sense, B. orellana is a promising source of compounds that could be applied in antimicrobial therapy. This review work may help in the understanding and incentive of new research for antimicrobial discoveries using different B. orellana compounds.

RESUMEN Bixa orellana L. es una planta nativa de Brasil, pero también está presente en otros países tropicales como Perú, Colombia, Ecuador, México, Indonesia, India y África Oriental. Es conocida popularmente como Urucum en Brasil. Esta revisión expone el potencial de los compuestos bioactivos derivados de B. orellana para tratar enfermedades debido a sus propiedades antimicrobianas y antioxidantes. Esta planta también está relacionada como un agente antiinflamatorio para el tratamiento de enfermedades pulmonares e incluso como gotas para los ojos para el enrojecimiento. Sus hojas se utilizan para el tratamiento de la mordedura de serpiente, diarrea, gonorrea, hepatitis, gastritis, diuréticos, antipiréticos y para enfermedades de la piel. Ese conocimiento popular ha fomentado la identificación de compuestos bioactivos en esa planta. Los compuestos β-criptoxantina, geranilgeraniol, luteína, procianidina B2, procianidina B3, isómero elagitanino y ácido elágico desoxihexosa inhibieron microorganismos patógenos como bacterias, hongos, protozoos y virus. En ese sentido, B. orellana es una fuente prometedora de compuestos que podrían aplicarse en la terapia antimicrobiana. Este trabajo de revisión puede ayudar a comprender e incentivar nuevas investigaciones para los descubrimientos de antimicrobianos que utilizan diferentes compuestos de B. orellana.

Influence of creatine kinase on c-reactive protein in muscle adaptation / Influência da creatina quinase sobre a proteína c-reativa na adaptação muscular / Influencia de la creatina quinasa sobre la proteína c-reactiva en la adaptación muscular

ABSTRACT Introduction Aging is a natural process and marked by changes and adaptations of both a biological and physiological nature. As regards adaptations, there are numerous works that address these responses following various types of training programs. Resistance training (RT) can be assessed by biochemical parameters such as creatine kinase (CK), which is a major marker of stress in the skeletal muscles. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biochemical marker used to assess damage to the cardiac muscles. Objective To evaluate the influence of CK on CRP in elderly female subjects undergoing RT. Methods An experimental study was carried out with 10 elderly women (61 ± 1.8 years). Peripheral venous blood was collected for the CK and CRP analysis both before and 24 hours after 8 weeks of RT. Anthropometric measurements involved BMI (Body Mass Index), WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) and body composition. The RT involved combined series - Bi-Set. For statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was conducted first and presented p >0.05, confirming the use of parametric tests. Group variables were presented as mean and standard deviation. To compare the load-dependent samples, the repeated measures one-way ANOVA was performed first, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. For CK and CRP variables, we conducted the paired Student's t-test for the timepoints pre- and post-eight weeks of RT along with the one-way ANOVA test, also conducting Tukey's post-test when necessary. The level of significance was set at p ≤0.05. Results There was a statistically significant decrease in both serum CK and CRP, which indicated a reduction of 73.14% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion Long-term RT promoted influences among biomarkers assessed through skeletal muscle (CK) and cardiac muscle (CRP) damage, determining adaptation and muscle remodeling in any age group. Level of evidence II, Investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução O envelhecimento é um processo natural e marcado por mudanças e adaptações, tanto biológicas quanto fisiológicas. Com relação às adaptações, existem inúmeros trabalhos que abordam essas respostas decorrente a vários tipos de treinamento. O treinamento resistido (TR) pode ser avaliado por parâmetros bioquímicos, como a creatina quinase (CK), que é um grande marcador de estresse da musculatura esquelética. A proteína C-reativa (PCR) é um marcador bioquímico utilizado para avaliar o dano no sistema muscular cardíaco. Objetivo Avaliar a influência da CK sob a PCR em idosas em TR. Métodos Estudo do tipo experimental com dez idosas (61 ± 1,8 anos). As análises de CK e PCR foram coletadas em sangue venoso periférico antes e 24 horas após as 8 semanas de TR. Medidas antropométricas foram realizadas: índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação da cintura e o quadril (RCQ) e composição corporal. O TR foi realizado por série combinada (Bi-Set). Para análise estatística, primeiramente foi realizado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, apresentando p > 0,05) e comprovando a utilização de testes paramétricos. As variáveis do grupo foram apresentadas como média e desvio padrão. Para comparação das amostras dependentes de evolução das cargas foi realizado a ANOVA one-way pareada para medidas repetidas, seguida de pós-teste de Tukey. Para variáveis de CK e PCR, foi realizado teste t de Student pareado para os momentos pré e pós-8 semanas de TR, assim como o ANOVA one-way e, quando necessário, o pós-teste de Tukey. O nível de significância adotado foi de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados Houve diminuição estatisticamente significativa, tanto para as concentrações séricas de CK, quanto para PCR, o que indicou redução de 73,14% e 75%, respectivamente. Conclusão O TR de longa duração promoveu influências entre biomarcadores avaliados por meio do dano do músculo esquelético (CK) e dano do músculo cardíaco (PCR), determinando adaptação e remodelamento muscular em qualquer faixa etária. Nível de evidência II; Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El envejecimiento es un proceso natural y marcado por cambios y adaptaciones, tanto biológicas como fisiológicas. Con respecto a las adaptaciones, existen innumerables trabajos que abordan esas respuestas derivadas de varios tipos de entrenamiento. El Entrenamiento Resistido (ER) puede ser evaluado por parámetros bioquímicos, como la creatina quinasa (CK) que es un gran marcador de estrés de la musculatura esquelética. La proteína C-reactiva (PCR) es un marcador bioquímico utilizado para evaluar el daño en el sistema muscular cardíaco. Objetivo Evaluar la influencia de la CK bajo la PCR en ancianas en ER. Métodos Estudio de tipo experimental con 10 ancianas (61 ± 1,8 años). Los análisis de CK y PCR fueron recolectados en sangre venosa periférica antes y 24 horas después de las 8 semanas de ER. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas: IMC (Índice de Masa Corporal), RCC (Relación Cintura / Cadera) y Composición Corporal. El ER fue realizado por Serie Combinada (Bi-Set). Para análisis estadístico, primero se realizó la prueba de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk presentando p> 0,05 y comprobando el uso de pruebas paramétricas. Las variables del grupo se mostraron como promedio y desviación estándar. Para comparación de las muestras dependientes de evolución de las cargas se realizó el Test one-way ANOVA pareado para medidas repetidas, seguido de post-test de Tukey. Para variables de CK y PCR se realizó el Test t de Student pareado para los momentos pre y post ocho semanas de ER, así como el ANOVA one-way y cuando necesario, el post-test de Tukey. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados Hubo disminución estadísticamente significativa, tanto para las concentraciones séricas de CK, como para PCR, lo que indicó reducción del 73,14% y el 75%, respectivamente. Conclusión El ER de larga duración promovió influencias entre biomarcadores evaluados a través del daño del músculo esquelético (CK) y daño del músculo cardíaco (PCR) determinando adaptación y remodelación muscular en cualquier grupo de edad. Nivel de evidencia II; Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Efeitos de oito semanas de destreinamento sobre parâmetros cardiovasculares em mulheres idosas / Eight-week effects of detraining on cardiovascular parameters in elderly women / Efectos de 8 semanas de falta de entrenamiento sobre los parámetros cardiovasculares de mujeres mayores

Resumo Foram avaliados os efeitos do destreinamento sobre parâmetros cardiovasculares em idosas. Idosas foram submetidas a oito semanas de treinamento resistido seguidas de oito semanas de destreinamento. Foram avaliadas nove mulheres idosas (idade 62 ± 2,30). Foram feitas coletas de sangue venoso periférico e avaliação da composição corporal antes do início de treinamento, após o treinamento e após a fase de destreinamento. Não houve aumento significativo da PCR na fase de destreino, porém observamos alterações negativas para colesterol total e composição corporal, representada pelo peso gordo. Os resultados sugerem que oito semanas de destreinamento não aumentaram significativamente a PCR, porém influenciaram negativamente em outros parâmetros relacionados aos riscos cardiovasculares, como valores antropométricos e bioquímicos representados pelo colesterol total e massa gorda, respectivamente. De fato, a continuidade do treinamento físico é essencial para adquirir e manter uma boa saúde, caso contrário os benefícios alcançados regridem aos valores iniciais.

Abstract The detraining effects on cardiovascular parameters in the elderly women (EW) were evaluated. EW underwent 8 weeks of resistance training, followed by eight weeks of detraining. 9 EW were evaluated (age 62 ± 2.30). Peripheral venous blood collections and body composition evaluation were performed before training, after training and after the detraining phase. There was no significant increase in CRP in detraining phase, but we observed negative changes for total cholesterol and body composition, represented by fat weight. The results suggest that 8 weeks of detraining did not significantly increase CRP, but had a negative influence on other parameters related to cardiovascular risks, as anthropometric and biochemical values represented by total cholesterol and fat mass, respectively. In fact, continuity of physical training is essential to acquiring and maintaining good health, otherwise the beneficial adaptations achieved will return to initial values.

Resumen Se evaluaron los efectos de la falta de entrenamiento sobre los parámetros cardiovasculares de mujeres mayores. Estas siguieron un entrenamiento resistido durante 8 semanas, seguidas de 8 semanas de falta de entrenamiento. Se evaluó a 9 mujeres de edad avanzada (edad de 62 ± 2,30). Se realizaron extracciones de sangre venosa periférica y evaluación de la composición corporal antes del inicio del entrenamiento, después del entrenamiento y después de la fase de falta de entrenamiento. No hubo un aumento considerable de la PCR en la fase de falta de entrenamiento, pero observamos alteraciones negativas del colesterol total y composición corporal, representada por la grasa. Los resultados sugieren que 8 semanas de falta de entrenamiento no aumentaron considerablemente la PCR, pero influyeron negativamente en otros parámetros relacionados con los riesgos cardiovasculares, como valores antropométricos y bioquímicos representados por el colesterol total y la masa grasa, respectivamente. De hecho, la continuidad del entrenamiento físico es esencial para adquirir y mantener una buena salud; de lo contrario, las adaptaciones beneficiosas alcanzadas vuelven a los valores iniciales.

The anti-obesity potential of Ilex paraguariensis: results from a meta-analysis

The dried leaves of Ilex paraguariensis, also known as yerba mate or chimarrão, are used to produce infusions consumed by over 1 million people worldwide, being a traditional drink in several South American countries, particularly, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay. The positive effects of I. paraguariensis in obesity have been described and observed in some clinical trials both in animals and in humans. The main goal of this work was to perform a systematic review, complying with the PRISMA (Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) recommendations, followed by a meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA), to summarize the results of the recent clinical trials, clarifying the anti-obesity potential of I. paraguariensis. The search for this systematic review was performed on several electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO and Cochrane Library) in July 2017. A total of 22 clinical trials were considered for the quantitative synthesis of the data, totalizing 726 patients enrolled. In conclusion, this systematic review demonstrated the positive effects of I. paraguariensis consumption on the reduction of body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference of patients, showing its anti-obesity potential.

Effects of Resistance Training on Immunoinflammatory Response, TNF-Alpha Gene Expression, and Body Composition in Elderly Women.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training on the immunologic response, body composition, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression obtained from blood leukocytes, and the cytokines interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, and C-reactive protein (CRP), in the elderly women (mean age 63 ± 2 y). A randomized controlled trial was performed using a bi-set training method for eight weeks in nineteen elderly women. Peripheral blood samples were collected by puncture in pretraining (Pre) and posttraining (Post) moments. In the resistance training group, there was a statistically significant decrease from 38.43 ± 9.48 pg/mL to 11.76 ± 5.19 pg/mL (p=0.01) in the serum levels of interleukin-6. Considering serum levels of TNF-alpha, there was a statistically significant difference, comparing the resistance training group at Pre (66.27 ± 10.31 pg/mL) and Post (37.85 ± 9.05 pg/mL) moments (p=0.01). In molecular analysis of TNF-alpha gene expression, there was a statistically significant decrease (p=0.007) between Pre (0.010 ± 0.01 ng/ml) and Post (0.0002 ± 0.0001 ng/ml) moments. Among CRP data, in the resistance training group, there was a statistically significant reduction, between Pre (2.04 ± 0.32 mg/L) and Post (0.90 ± 0.22 mg/L) moments (p=0.001). In the Control group, there was no statistical significance between these two moments. Therefore, the resistance training demonstrated changes in the TNF-alpha gene expression in elderly women, as well as decreased serum levels of interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP. Such conditions may be related to immune modulation and anti-inflammatory effects, since resistance training releases cytokines, especially interleukin-6, which acts as a TNF-alpha antagonist during exercise.

Differing energy densities with laser 670nm InGaP controls inflammation and collagen reorganization in burns.

PURPOSE: This study compared different energy densities of laser on second degrees burns in rats aiming to determine the most effective dosimetry in stimulation of the healing process. METHODS: Burns were induced in the dorsal skin of 54 animals divided into three groups (n: 18): 1-without treatment; 2-irradiated lesions by the Indium Gallium Phosphide (InGaP) 670nm (4.93J/cm2) laser; 3-irradiated lesions by the InGaP-670nm (9.86J/cm2) laser. Samples were collected on the 2, 10 and 18 days after injury for structural, morphometry, biochemical analysis and Western blotting. RESULTS: The energy densities examined were effective in significantly increasing the total number of fibroblasts and blood vessels and reduce the number of inflammatory cells particularly in irradiated lesions with 9.86J/cm2. This same energy density significantly increased the amount of GAGs (Glycosaminoglycans), decreased the TGF-ß1 (Transforming Growth Factor ß1) and increased the VEGF (Vascular and Endothelial Growth Factor) during the experimental period. This energy density also significantly increased the Collagen type I and decreased Collagen type III and the active isoform of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). CONCLUSIONS: The energy density of 9.86J/cm2 was more effective in promoting cellular responses related to neoangiogenesis, decreasing inflammation and collagen fibers reorganization.

Treinamento resistido reduz riscos cardiovasculares em idosas / Resisted training reduces cardiovascular risk in elderly women / Entrenamiento resistido reduce el riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres mayores

INTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento humano aliado ao estilo de vida sedentário é marcado por alterações metabólicas com modificação na composição corporal, que repercutem diretamente na proteína C-reativa (PCR), sendo este um importante marcador de risco de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). O treinamento resistido (TR) é um método muito utilizado na prevenção de doenças associadas ao envelhecimento. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de oito semanas de TR sobre a composição corporal, força muscular e PCR em um grupo de idosas.MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo experimental com 10 idosas (63 ± 2 anos de idade). Para o ensaio de PCR, análises bioquímicas de hemograma e lipidograma completos foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso periférico antes do exercício e 24 horas depois. Para medidas antropométricas calcularam-se índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura/quadril (RCQ) e composição corporal. O TR foi realizado por Série Combinada - Bi-Set. Para a análise estatística, primeiramente foi realizado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk (p > 0,05) para testes paramétricos. As variáveis do grupo foram apresentadas como média e desvio padrão. Para variáveis de PCR, antropométricas, composição corporal e perfil lipídico foram realizados o teste t de Student,tanto anterior quanto posteriormente às oito semanas de treinamento. Para as amostras da evolução das cargas e médias do consumo alimentar foi realizado o teste One Way ANOVA e, quando necessário, o teste post hoc de Tukey. O nível de significância adotado foi de p ≤ 0,05.RESULTADOS: Houve redução estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,02) para as concentrações séricas de PCR, o que significa uma redução de 70,96%, além de diminuir a massa gorda e aumentar a massa magra e a carga de treino após oito semanas.CONCLUSÃO: Oito semanas de TR reduziram as concentrações séricas de proteína C-reativa, assim como diminuíram a massa gorda e aumentaram o volume muscular, demonstrando ser uma estratégia eficiente para a diminuição dos fatores de riscos de doenças cardiovasculares.

INTRODUCTION: Human aging combined with a sedentary lifestyle is marked by metabolic changes with change in body composition reflecting directly on the C-reactive protein (CRP), which is an important risk marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Resistance Training (RT) is a widely used method in the prevention of diseases associated with aging. Objective: To evaluate the effects of eight weeks of TR on body composition, muscle strength and CRP in a group of elderly women.METHOD: An experimental study was conducted with 10 elderly women (63 ± 2 years). For the CRP analysis, biochemical analysis, complete blood count and lipid profile samples of peripheral venous blood were collected before exercise and 24 hours later. For anthropometric measurements were calculated the body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR) and body composition. The TR was conducted by Combined Series - Bi-Set. Statistical analysis was first conducted with the Shapiro-Wilk normality test (p>0.05) for parametric tests. Group variables were presented as mean and standard deviation. For CRP, anthropometric, body composition and lipid profile variables, the Student t test was performed, for both previous and later to eight weeks of training. For samples of the loads evolution and average food consumption was performed the One Way ANOVA test and, where necessary, the Tukey's post hoc test. The significance level was set at p≤0.05.RESULTS: There was a statistically significant reduction (p=0.02) for the serum concentrations of CRP, which means a decrease of 70.96%, and reduction of the fat mass and increased lean body mass and the training load after eight weeks.CONCLUSION: Eight weeks of RT reduced serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, as well as decreased fat mass and increased muscle volume, proving to be an effective strategy in reducing the risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El envejecimiento humano combinado con un estilo de vida sedentario está marcado por cambios metabólicos con el cambio en la composición corporal que afectan directamente a la proteína C-reactiva (PCR), que es un marcador importante de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). El entrenamiento de resistencia (RT) es un método ampliamente utilizado en la prevención de las enfermedades asociadas con el envejecimiento. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de las ocho semanas de TR en la composición corporal, la fuerza muscular y la PCR en un grupo de personas de edad avanzada.MÉTODO: Un estudio experimental se llevó a cabo con 10 mujeres de edad avanzada (63 ± 2 años). Para prueba PCR, el análisis bioquímico, hemograma completo y perfil lipídico completo se recogieron muestras de sangre venosa periférica antes del ejercicio y 24 horas después. Para las medidas antropométricas se calcularon el índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice cintura/cadera (ICC) y composición corporal. El TR fue realizado por la Serie Combinada - Bi-Set. El análisis estadístico se realizó por primera vez con la prueba de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk (p > 0,05) para las pruebas paramétricas. Las variables de grupo se presentan como media y desviación estándar. La PCR, las variables antropométricas, la composición corporal y el perfil lipídico se realizaron con la prueba de la t de Student, tanto anterior cuanto posteriormente a las ocho semanas de entrenamiento. Para las muestras de cambios de carga y el consumo medio de alimentos se realizó la prueba One Way ANOVA y, cuando necesario, la prueba post hoc de Tukey. El nivel de significación se fijó en p ≤ 0,05.RESULTADOS: Hubo una reducción estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,02) para las concentraciones séricas de PCR, lo que significa un descenso del 70,96%, y reducción la masa grasa y aumento de la masa corporal magra y la carga de entrenamiento después de ocho semanas.CONCLUSIÓN: Ocho semanas de RT reducen las concentraciones séricas de proteína C-reactiva, así como de la masa grasa, aumentaron el volumen muscular, demostrando ser una estrategia eficaz para la reducción de los factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular.

Deuterium equilibrium time in saliva of newborn infants.

UNLABELLED: There is an increasing interest about the use of stable isotopes for body composition analysis in pediatrics. To ensure the success of total body water analysis by the deuterium dilution method, it is fundamental to determine the equilibrium time (plateau) of deuterium in the body fluid studied. OBJECTIVES: We report here the equilibration time of deuterium oxide in the saliva of newborns after oral intake of the isotope. METHODS: Twenty healthy term newborn infants, 10 males and 10 females, were analyzed. Saliva was collected from each newborn before the oral administration of a 100 mg/kg dose of deuterium oxide (baseline sample) and then at 1-hour intervals for 5 hours after administration. Deuterium enrichment of saliva was determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry according to the recommendations of the International Atomic Energy Agency. RESULTS: The plateau time of deuterium in saliva occurred 3 hours after oral administration of the stable isotope. CONCLUSION: These data are essential for further studies on the body composition of newborn infants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study regarding the equilibration time of deuterium in the saliva of term newborns.