Association between nutritional status, C-reactive protein, adiponectin and HOMA-AD in Brazilian children.

INTRODUCTION: In children, the presence of obesity is a major risk factor for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases on the adulthood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of anthropometry, body composition, clinical variables and biochemical profile with C-reactive protein and adiponectin levels, and insulin resistance in children in the municipality of Nova Era, Brazil. METHODS: Nested case-control study following a crosssectional study. We evaluated 178 children, 57 of them classified as obese and 121 as normal-weight from a population of 1024 schoolchildren 6 to 10 years old: Blood samples were collected after 12-hour fast to obtain serum and plasma. We collected anthropometric and body composition measures, systolic and diastolic blood pressure data. Sexual maturation was assessed according to the stage of sexual development. We performed Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's correlation, Spearman's test and multiple linear regression analysis. Independent variables with p < 0.05 were included in the multiple regression model. Residual analysis was performed to assess model validity. RESULTS: Among obese children, C-reactive protein levels were associated with triacylglycerol levels and body fat percentage estimated by skinfold thickness (R2 adjusted = 27.6%, p < 0.001). Adiponectin was associated with HOMA-IR, HOMAAD and body fat percentage estimated by skinfold thickness (R2 adjusted = 75.5%, p < 0.001). HOMA-AD index was associated with HOMA-IR, adiponectin, systolic blood pressure and weight (R2 adjusted = 90.7%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Significant associations were found between body composition, anthropometry, clinical variables, biochemical profile and adiponectin and C-reactive protein levels and insulin resistance in obese and normal-weight children.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En niños, la obesidad es um factor de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares en la edad adulta. OBJETIVOS: Asociaciar la antropometría, composición corporal, variables clínicas y bioquímicas con la proteína C reactiva (PCR), adiponectina y resistencia a la insulina en niños de Nova Era, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos y controles anidado en un transversal. Se evaluaron 178 niños, 57 obesos y 121 eutróficos en una población de 1.024 escolares de 6 a 10 años. Las muestras de sangre se recogieron después de 12 horas de ayuno. Recogimos las medidas antropométricas, de composición corporal y presión arterial. La madurez sexual fue evaluada de acuerdo con el desarrollo sexual. Se realizo las pruebas t de Student y U de Mann- Whitney, las correlaciones de Pearson y Spearman y el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Se incluyeron en el modelo de regresión, las variables independientes con p < 0,05. Se realizo el análisis residual para evaluar la validez del modelo. RESULTADOS: Entre los niños obesos, los niveles de PCR se asociaron con los triglicéridos y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) estimada por los pliegues cutáneos (R2 ajustado = 27,6%, p < 0,001). La adiponectina se asoció con HOMA-IR, HOMA-AD y % GC estimada por los pliegues cutáneos (R2 ajustado = 75,5%, p < 0,001). El HOMA-AD se asoció con HOMA-IR, adiponectina, presión arterial sistólica y peso (R2 ajustado = 90,7%, p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Se encontraron asociaciones entre la composición corporal, antropometría, variables clínicas, perfil bioquímico, adiponectina, PCR y la resistencia a la insulina en niños obesos y eutróficos.

Use of dried blood sample for serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in goats / Utilização do eluato de sangue dessecado em papel de filtro no diagnóstico sorológico da toxoplasmose caprina

Eluates of 183 dried caprine blood samples on filter paper were tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, using IFA, ELISA and dot-ELISA, and compared with results obtained by direct observations on comparable sera, usin the same tests. The results has showed that papers with dried blood can be preserved for up to 45 days at room temperature and for six months at 4C, provided they are protected against humid conditions by using desiccating agents such as silica-gel. Comparison between serum and eluate reactions revelated 97-100% correspondance. The antibody titers remained constant throughout the study period.

Foi realizada pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em 183 amostras de sangue dessecado em papel de filtro utilizando as reações de imunofluorescência indireta ELISA e dot-ELISA, tomando como referência os resultados obtidos nos soros. A análise dos resultados demonstrou que papéis com sangue dessecado podem ser conservados por um período mínimo de 45 dias à temperatura ambiente e por seis meses a 4C, desde que mantidos livres de umidade pela utilização de agentes dessecantes como a sílica-gel. A reprodutibilidade das reações, avaliada por meio da curva dos títulos de anticorpos no decorrer do tempo após a coleta do sangue em papéis de filtro, demonstrou uma concordância de 97 a 100% entre os resultados obtidos nos soros e eluatos. Os títulos de anticorpos permaneceram estáveis durante o período observado. Os resultados obtidos com eluato de sangue dessecado foram semelhantes na RIFI, ELISA e dot-ELISA, indicando que qualquer uma das três reações pode ser utilizada em eluatos de sangue dessecado para o diagnóstico da toxoplasmose caprina.