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1.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(10)2023 Oct 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37893481

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: In Peru, the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is a constant concern in hospitals and has likely increased in frequency during the pandemic. The objective of the study was to analyze the frequency of carbapenemase-producing bacteria resistant to two carbapenems (Imipenem and Meropenem), which were isolated from Peruvian patients in the intensive care unit of the Victor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital in Trujillo (Peru) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The biological samples of the patients hospitalized in the ICU were processed in the Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory of the Víctor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital between May 2021 and March 2022. Antimicrobial sensitivity was determined with the automated system AutoScan-4, and for the identification of the type of carbapenemase, the RESISIT-3 O.K.N K-SET cassettes were used. Results: The results show that 76 cultures (76/129) had resistance to the two carbapenems (imipenem or meropenem), where the most frequent were Klebsiella pneuomoniae (31.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.3%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (14.5%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures showed at least three carbapenemase types (KPC, NDM, and OXA-48), while A. baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Burkholderia cepacia complex presented at least two carbapenemases (NDM and OXA-48). The carbapenemase NDM was detected in Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, and Proteus mirabilis, while KPC was present in all Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca cultures. Conclusions: The samples from patients hospitalized in the Victor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital ICU showed a high prevalence of imipenem- and meropenem-resistant bacteria. These findings are relevant and concerning from the perspective of antibiotic-resistant bacteria monitoring, control, and disinfection. Thus, an appropriate antibiotic policy must be implemented.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Humans , Meropenem/therapeutic use , Peru/epidemiology , beta-Lactamases , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Carbapenems/therapeutic use , Imipenem/pharmacology , Imipenem/therapeutic use , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Hospitals , Intensive Care Units , Government
2.
UCV-Scientia ; 3(1): 42-48, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LIPECS | ID: biblio-1112308

ABSTRACT

Se determinó el efecto de la savia liofilizada de Musa acuminata Colla "plátano de seda" sobre la activación "in vitro" de macrófagos peritoneales y la producción de anticuerpos en Mus musculus BALB/c infectados experimentalmente con Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Para la activación "in vitro", los macrófagos fueron distribuidos en 03 sistemas: experimentales A y B estimulados con diferentes concentraciones de savia liofilizada de Musa acuminata Colla (SML) y control estimulado con Medio Mínimo Esencial. Posteriormente, se adicionó E. coli 0157:H7, teniendo una concentración de savia de 16,3 ug/mL en el experimental A y 8,75 ug/mL en el B. Luego se tomaron muestras para determinar el índice fagocítico y la actividad microbicida. Para la producción de anticuerpos, se utilizaron 03 grupos, dosificando a los experimentales A y B con SLM en concentraciones de 20 mg/Kg 10 mg/Kg de peso respectivamente y al control de solución salina fisiológica, luego fueron infectados con E. coli 0157:H7 y se les extrajo muestras de sangre para la titulación de anticuerpos. Los resultados en la activación de macrófagos indicaron que los estimulados con 8,75 ug/mL de SLM presentaron un mayor índice fagocítico que los otros. El índice microbicida y el título de anticuerpos en los grupos con SLM en ambas concentraciones fueron mayores que el control. Concluyéndose, que la savia liofilizada de Musa acuminata Colla favorece el aumento del índice fagocítico, la catividad microbicida y el título de anticuerpos en Mus musculus BALB/c infectados experimentalmente con E. coli 0157:H7.


This study attempted to determine the effect of lyophilized sap from Musa acuminata Colla on "In Vitro" activation of peritoneal macrophages and antibody production in BALB/c mice infected with Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Macrophage activation was determined by phagocytic index and microbicidal activity of murine peritoneal macrophages which were distributed in three groups: experimental A and experimental B, both had different concentrations of lyophilized sap (SLM), while control group had minimal essential medium. After that, we added E. coli 0157:H7, so the concentration of SLM was 16,3 ug/mL in experimental A and 8,75 ug/mL in experimental B. Then we took samples in order to determine the phagocytic index and microbicidal activity. Antibody production was studied in BALB/c mice randomly allocated in three groups: experimental A, experimental B and control. Experimental A and B were orally administered with SLM at 20 mg/Kg and 10 mg/Kg respectively, control group was administered with sterile normal saline. They were infected with E. coli 0157:H7 and then blood samples were collected in order to determine the antibody titer. Results showed that macrophages stimulated with SLM at 8,75 ug/mL had an increasing phagocytic index compared with the others. Besides microbicidal activity and antibody titer obtained in both experimental A and B were higher than control group. As a conclusion, lyophilized sap from Musa acuminata Colla increases phagocytic index, microbicidal activity and antibody production in BALB/c mice infected with Escherichia coli 0157:H7.


Subject(s)
Mice , Freeze Drying , Musa
3.
UCV-Scientia ; 2(2): 23-33, 2010. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LIPECS | ID: biblio-1112295

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajo estuvo orientado a investigar sí Allium sativum ajo en su forma liofilizada posee efecto antimicótico in vitro sobre dermatofitos y Candida albicans. Para ello se trabajó con 100 g. de A. sativum y cultivos de dermatofitos y C. albicans aislados de pacientes con micosis en piel, uñas y cabellos. Se emplearon un total de 30 cultivos puros de los cuales 07 correspondieron a Trichphyton mentagrophytes, 04 a T. rubrum, 04 a Microsporum canis y 15 a C. albicans, los cuales fueron sembrados en Agar Sabouraud e incubados en el caso de dermatofitos por 2 a 3 semanas a temperatura ambiental (20 ± 3ºC) y para C. albicans a 37ºC por 48 a 72 horas. Las pruebas biológicas in vitro incluyeron: la preparación del inóculo de A. sativum y preparación del Diflucan como control. Las pruebas de sensibilidad se realizaron usando el método de difusión en agar (MDA) y el método de dilución en tubo. Según los análisis estadísticos, los resultados indican que para el caso de dermatofitos por el MDA se logra inhibición entre 300 a 400 ug de ajo liofilizado, una concentración mínima inhibitoria (MCI) de 500 ug/mL y un efecto fungicida de 1000 ug/mL. En el caso de C. albicans por el MDA se obtuvo un mayor diámetro de inhibición entre 4000 a 5000 ug, una MCI de 2500 ug/mL y un efecto fungicida de 5000 ug/mL. Estos resultados podrán ser utilizados en la realización de estudios in vivo que corroboren las propiedades medicinales que se le atribuyen al ajo.


The present work attempted to determine if Allium sativum garlic in its form liofilizated has in vitro antimycotic effect on dermatophytes and Candida albicans. We used 100 g. of A. sativum, cultures of dermatophytes and C. albicans isolated of patients with mycosis in skin, fingernails and hair. A total of 30 pure cultures of which 07 of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 04 of T. rubrum, 04 of M. canis and 15 of C. albicans, which were cultured in Sabouraud Agar. Dermatophytes were incubated for 2-3 weeks under conditions of air temperature (20 ± 3ºC), meanwhile C. albicans was incubated for 48 -72 hours at 37ºC. The in vitro biological tests included: inoculum preparation of A. sativum liofilizated and preparation of Diflucan (control). The tests of sensibility were made using the agar diffusion method and the tube dilution test. According to variance analysis, the results indicate that inhibition determined by the agar diffusion method in dermatophytes was among 300 to 400 ug from liofilizated garlic, also found a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 500 ug/mL and a fungicidal action of 1000 ug/mL. In the case of C. albicans, it showed bigger inhibition diameter among 4000 to 5000 ug, a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2500 ug/mL and fungicidal action of 5000 ug/mL. These results can be used for in vivo studies in order to confirm the medicinal properties of garlic.


Subject(s)
Garlic , Garlic/analysis , Arthrodermataceae , Candida albicans , Freeze Drying
4.
UCV-Scientia ; 2(2): 53-60, 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LIPECS | ID: biblio-1112298

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio consistió en evaluar el estado nutricional de los estudiantes del colegio “César Vallejo Mendoza” del distrito de Santiago de Chuco, La Libertad a través de la evaluación de las medidas antropométricas, exámenes coproparasitológicos y de hemoglobina, durante los meses de Agosto - Diciembre del 2009. Para ello se evaluó a 83 alumnos con edades fluctuantes entre 6 y 11 años, de los cuales 39 fueron niñas y 44 niños. Para la evaluación de las medidas antropométricas, los alumnos fueron pesados y tallados, estos datos sirvieron para calcular los indicadores: Índice de masa corporal (IMC) y Talla para Edad (T/E). Posteriormente, se recolectaron las muestras fecales en vasos descartables para el análisis coproparasitológico correspondiente y por último se tomaron las muestras de sangre para el análisis de hemoglobina. Los resultados mostraron que 21 alumnos (25,3%) presentaron un índice de T/E por debajo de lo permitido (talla baja); mientras que 16 alumnos (19,3%) presentaron un IMC deficiente (degadez). Así mismo, se determinó que 33 presentaron parásitos intestinales, encontrando Giardia lamblia (69,7%), Entamoeba coli (18,2%), Hymenolepis nana (6,1%), Entamoeba hystolitica (3,0%) y Ascaris lumbricoides (3,0%). Los valores de hemoglobina variaron en un rango de 11,2 a 15,0 g/%. Se concluye que los alumnos que presentaron deficiencia en el estado nutricional necesitan mejorar las características de su dieta, requiriendo la implementación de programas de intervención apropiada. En cuanto a la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales, esta obedece a las precarias condiciones de vida y pobres hábitos higiénicos de la población, mientras que los valores bajos de hemoglobina se deben posiblemente a la prevalencia de enteroparasitismo y deficiencia alimentaria.


This study evaluated the nutritional status of school age children in Santiago de Chuco, La Libertad from August through December of 2009, so we estimate anthropometric assessment, prevalence of intestinal parasites and hemoglobin concentration. The sample included 83 children, 39 female and 44 male children aged between 4 and 10 years. Anthropometric assessment was carried out according to Body mass index (BMI) and Height/Age (H/E) relation. Subsequently, we give them recipients to collect feces in order to do coproparasitologic exams; also we took blood samples to determine hemoglobin concentration. The results showed that 21 children (25,3%) have a H/E relation under the normal range (under height), meanwhile 16 children (19,3%) have a BMI under the normal range (underweight). We found intestinal parasites in 33 children, Giardia lamblia (69,7%), Entamoeba coli (18,2%), Hymenolepis nana (6,1%), Entamoeba hystolitica (3,0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (3,0%) and hemoglobin values range from 11,2 to 15,0 g/%. In conclusion these children who were under acute and chronic nutritional stress need to improve their diet, so appropriate health nutritional intervention programmes are require. The prevalence of intestinal parasites is related to the poverty and poor hygienic habits of the population, low hemoglobin values are related with the prevalence of intestinal parasites and alimentary deficiency.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Child , Anthropometry , Malnutrition , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Nutritional Status , Students , Peru
5.
Rev. méd. vallejiana ; 3(1): 31-36, 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LIPECS | ID: biblio-1111046

ABSTRACT

Se determinó la presencia de Vibrio Cholerae 01 en hortalizas que se expanden en los mercados "La Rinconada" y "Palermo" de la ciudad de Trujillo, Perú. Se analizó muestras de Asparagus officinalis "espárrago", Brassica napus "nabo", Beta vulgaris var rapa forma rubra "beterraga", Brassica oleraceae var capitata-alba "repollo", Lactuca sativa "lechuga", Daucus carota "zanahoria", Spinacea oleracea "espinaca", Petrocelium sativum "perejil", Lycopersicum esculentum "tomate" y Raphanus sativus "rabanito", durante los meses de Enero a Octubre del 2003. El aislamiento, identificación bioquímica y serológica de V. cholerae 01 se realizó siguiendo las técnicas recomendadas por CDC y ICMSF. De 1000 muestras de hortalizas procedentes de los dos mercados estudiados, se aisló V. cholerae 01 en 1,2% de las muestras; los serotipos identificados fueron Ogawa 0,0%, Inaba 1,1% e Hikojima 0,1%. La presencia de V. cholerae 01 se debería a que éstas hortalizas se cultivan y expenden en malas condiciones higiénico sanitarias, siendo un riesgo potencial para la salud humana, ya que el consumo de estos productos contribuye a la endemicidad del cólera en la ciudad de Trujillo, por lo que es necesario un adecuado control sanitario de estos alimentos.


The frequency of Vibrio cholerae 01 was investigated in vegetables that are sold in the principal markets "La Rinconada" and "Palermo" in Peru, Trujillo city. There were analized samples of Asparagus officinalis "asparagus", Brassica napus "turnip", Beta vulgaris var rapa forma rubra "beet", Brassica oleraceae var capitata-alba "cabbage", Lactuca sativa "lettuce", Daucus carota "carrot", Spinacea oleracea "spinach", Petrocelium sativum "parsley", Lycopersicum esculentum "tomato" and Raphanus sativus "raphanus", from January to October of 2003. The identification, the isolation and serological invetigation of V. cholerae 01 was made in accorder to the techniques of CDC and ICMSF. V cholerae 01 was isolated in 1,2% from 1 000 samples, of "La Rinconada" and "Palermo" markets. The identified serotypes were Ogawa 0,0%, Inaba 1,1% and Hikojima 0,1%. This investigation shows that V. cholerae 01 is present in vegetables being a high risk for the human being, because from the epidemiological point of view, the consumption of these products contribute to increase the morbimortality of Cholera in Trujillo city. That is why is necesary an appropiate sanitary control of these foods.


Subject(s)
Cell Separation , Vegetables , Vibrio cholerae O1 , Peru
6.
Rev. méd. vallejiana ; 1(2): 91-106, 2004. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LIPECS | ID: biblio-1111030

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio tuvo por finalidad evaluar las alteraciones histopatológicas y los niveles de IgG en la criptococosis inducida en Mus musculus BALB/c "ratón" a diferentes tiempos de infección. Se trabajó con Cryptococcus neoformans y 45 ejemplares de Mus musculus BALB/c de ambos sexos, de 45 días de edad y de aproximadamente 25g, en 5 de los cuales elegidos al azar se descartó infección natural por C.neoformans mediante la prueba de tinción negativa connigrosina al 10% en muestras de cerebro y pulmones, con los 40 restantes se distribuyeron al azar en grupo control y grupo experimental de 20 ejemplares cada uno y subdividiéndose en 4 subgrupos de 5 ejemplares cada uno. Los ratones del grupo experimental fueron inoculados intraperitonealmente con 0,5 mL de una suspensión del hongo a una concentración similar al tubo No 3 del Nefelómetro de Mac Farland, y para el grupo control se utilizó 0,5 mL solución salina fisiológica (SSF) estéril. A los 10, 15, 20 y 25 días de la inoculación, se tomaron muestras de sangre para evaluar los niveles de IgG en suero, y luego del sacrificio se extrajeron el encéfalo, los pulmones, el bazo, el hígado y los riñones para su evaluación macroscópica e histológica luego de su conservación en formol al 10% y su posterior coloración con Hematoxilina eosina. Se observó cambios macroscópicos como: Aumento de tamaño en longitud presentándose marcada hepatomegalia y esplenomegalia, cambio de color, aspecto hemorrágico y presencia de abscesos que iban aumentando en número a mayor tiempo de infección y alteraciones histopatológicas que variaron de acuerdo al tiempo de infección, así tenemos que: a los 10 y 15 días se observó hiperemia en meninges, infiltración inflamatoria crónica en meninges , alvéolos e intersticio en pulmón, hígado y riñón; edema en corteza cerebral; necrosis en corteza cerebral, bazo, hígado y riñón; zonas de hemorragias en cerebro, pulmón, y tejido adiposo perirrenal.


The present study had the purpose of evaluate histopatological alterations and IgG levels in induced criptococosis in Mus musculus BALB/c "mouse" at different times of infection. For that it was worked with a culture of Cryptococcus neoformans and 45 specimens of Mus musculus BALB/c of both sexes, of 45 days of age and approximately 25g weigh, in 5 of those randomly chosen natural infection by C.neoformans was discarded by means of the test of negative tint with 10% nigrosine in brain samples and lungs, the 40 remaining were distributed at random in control group and experimental group of 20 especimens each one and were subdivided in 4 subgroups of 5 specimens each one. The mice of the experimental group were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0,5 mL of a suspension from the fungus in asimilar concentration to the tube N° 3 of of Mac Farland's Nefelometer, and for the control group it was used 0,5 mL of sterile physiologic saline solution (SSF). At the 10, 15,20 and 25 days of the inoculation, there were taken samples of blood to evaluate the levels of IgG in serum, and after the sacrifice there were extracted the encephal, lungs, spleen, liver and kidneys for their macroscopic and histological evaluation after their conservation in 10% formol and were later colorated with Hematoxylin. eosin. In relation to the control group in the organs of the experimental group were observed macroscopic changes as: size Increase in longitude presenting marked hepatomegalia and esplenomegalia, change of color, hemorrhagic aspect and presence of abscesses that went increasing in number at more time of infection and histopatological alterations were also observed at the days 10 and 15 as hiperemia in meninxes, chronicle inflammatory infiltration in meninxes, alveolus and interstice in lung, liver and kidney; edema in cerebral cortex; necrosis in cerebral cortex, spleen, liver and kidney; areas of hemorrhages in brain, lung, and perirrenal adipose tissue.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Animals , Mice/anatomy & histology , Cryptococcosis , Cryptococcus neoformans , Immunoglobulin G
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