The significance of physical activity in the prevention of depressive disorders. / Znaczenie aktywnosci fizycznej w prewencji zaburzen depresyjnych.

Owing to the complex etiology of depression taking into account the psychosocial and biological interactions in its formation and course, a comprehensive and integrated approach to this health issue is essential, one that would take into account additional forms of therapeutic interventions besides traditional methods, and increase in physical activity as one of them. The objective of the present paper is to present the significance of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders, based on the results of research carried out in 2014-2019. The review of empirical works indicates that physical activity adjusted to the individual's needs and health situation can play a role in the prevention and complementary treatment of depressive disorders, including those that occur in the course of somatic diseases. It should be noted that hasty recommendation of physical training to the patients with a severe form of the disorder may cause provocative thoughts, their guilt because of the inability to face the challenge or suicidal behavior.

Hope of Recovery in Patients in the Terminal Phase of Cancer under Palliative and Hospice Care in Poland.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the presented research is to characterize hope in the situational dimension, i.e., health, in the patients with cancer in the terminal phase of the disease, being treated in hospices and palliative care centers. Hope is very important for all the patients, especially for patients with cancer in various phases of the disease. Giving up on oncologic therapy and causal treatment is often associated with a transition into palliative care. When death and a loss of values become a threat, the individual has got hope to rely on. Material and Methods. The study relies on the Test to Measure Hope in the Health Context (NCN-36) by B.L. Block. 246 patients in the terminal phase of cancer participated in the study. RESULTS: The internal structure of hope of recovery in the patients' group was varied. The patients showed low levels of hope of recovery since they do not believe in the effectiveness of treatment. They were also not convinced of the effectiveness of modifications in dieting, lifestyle, or the use of nonconventional medicine. They trusted the doctor in charge and were moderately satisfied with the therapy in use. The intensity of hope of recovery was on the low level in the patients in the terminal phase of cancer. Age, sex, place of living, and marital status had a significant influence on the level of hope of recovery. Variables such as living on one's own or living with one's family, socioeconomic status, education, or profession did not affect the level of hope of recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The presented results allowed as to conclude that the assessment of hope in terminally ill cancer patients can be considered as one of the important tools enabling the personalization and the improvement of palliative care.

Interpersonal correlates of the tendency to seek help in the situation of indebtedness in healthy people and in patients with impaired mobility, related to chronic disorders of the locomotor system - Pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: The way of functioning in everyday life and the style of coping with the challenges encountered, including the situations of financial difficulties, are shaped by various adaptation mechanisms conditioned by the state of psychophysical health, as well as social and cultural factors. They are related to the intrapsychic features, among which the personality plays a key role. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research sample consisted of 2 groups - 50 patients with mobility impairment resulting from chronic pathologies of the locomotor system hospitalized in the Department of General and Neuro Rehabilitation, Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, and 50 healthy people. The research was carried out using the NEO-FFI Personality Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Impulsiveness Inventory and the APSZ Questionnaire. RESULTS: In the group of patients with impaired mobility resulting from chronic pathologies of the locomotor system, the leading correlate of the tendency to seek help in the situation of indebtedness was extraversion. In the healthy group, the leading correlates of the tendency to undertake this type of activity were the intensity of perceived stress, neuroticism, self-esteem, self- efficacy and empathy. CONCLUSIONS: In the group of patients with impaired mobility resulting from chronic diseases of the locomotor system, extroversion was the factor conducive to seeking help in the situation of indebtedness. In the group of healthy people, self-esteem, self- efficacy and empathy were the factors conducive to taking such actions, whereas intensity of perceived stress and neuroticism were the risk factors.

Psychometric properties of the Scale for Evaluating Attitudes towards Seniors (SEAS).

INTRODUCTION: The Scale for Evaluating Attitudes towards Seniors (SEAS) was developed based on the concept of social attitudes towards the elderly by G. Mialkowska. The main objective of the study was validation of Scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The validation procedure was carried out on a sample of 304 adults. Content validity was estimated based on the CVR coefficient, the theoretical validity was verified by means of exploratory factor analysis with simple Oblimin rotation and Kaiser normalization, and criterion validity determined based on analysis of the correlation matrix of SEAS from IVE and SES. Reliability of the tool was estimated based on the values of alpha Cronbach and the discriminatory power of test items coefficients. RESULTS: Content validity rates CVR range from 0.83-1.00. Three SEAS factors were distinguished on the basis of factor analysis - Respect and Support, Rejection and Misunderstanding, Social distance. Their alpha Cronbach's coefficient range is 0.93-0.86. Extracted SEAS scales correlate with IVE and SES dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The validation procedure confirms the high psychometric properties of the constructed research tool and allows its use in both individual diagnosis and scientific research, which in turn will contribute to broadening of knowledge about the psychological mechanisms associated with seniors' perception, and can be used to design responses to preventive actions supporting quality of intergenerational interpersonal interactions.