[Methodology to forecast risk of toxic effects caused by contemporary household chemicals].

The article contains to forecast risk of toxic effects caused by contemporary household chemicals. The article contains data on evaluating potential risk of health disorders among individuals contacting synthetic detergents and cleansers. The authors summarized experience of Public Health Research center on toxicologic hygienic research of various household chemicals, conducted for safety certification of the end products household application.

[Basing approximate safe level of exposure to Triazavirin in air of workplace].

The authors present materials on experimental basis of approximate safe level of exposure to new anti-flu medication Triazavirin in air of workplace. The article covers acute toxicity parameters for various intake routes, results of irritating and sensitizing effects evaluation, determination of threshold concentration for single inhalation effect, value of recommended approximate safe level of exposure.

[Biologic monitoring in evaluating risk of occupational intoxications development]. / Biomonitoring v otsenke riska razvitiia professional'nykh intoksikatsii.

The authors justify importance of biologic monitoring to increase quality of hygienic control over and diagnosis of occupational disease. The article covers data on international terminology for exposure tests parameters. Although difficult in elaboration, the exposure tests are highly informative and necessary to be put into practice.

[National toxicology development reflected through history of laboratory in North-Western Research Center for Hygiene and Public Health of St Petersburg]. / Istoriia laboratorii Severo-Zapadnogo nauchnogo tsentra zdorov'ia Snakt-Peterburga kak otrazhenie osnovnykh etapov razvitiia otechestvennoi toksikologii.

The article covers main directions of contemporary scientific and practical activities of Industrial Toxicologic Laboratory, that were formulated by the laboratory founder--Honorary Researcher of Russian Federation, Master of Science, Professor N.V. Lazarev--and are followed by his disciples.

[On monitoring chemicals]. / K probleme monitoringa khimicheskikh veshchestv.

The authors necessitate biologic monitoring to be conducted along with chemical monitoring of environmental objects. Accomplishment of biologic monitoring and interpretation of its results are associated with difficulties. Being a valuable addition to chemical monitoring, biologic monitoring is a total chemical dose incorporated by a biologic object.

[On groups maximal allowable concentration for nickel and its inorganic compounds]. / O gruppovoi predel'no dopustimoi kontsentratsii nikelia i ego neorganicheskikh soedinenii.

The article deals with setting a unified group Maximal Allowable Concentration for inorganic nickel compounds that pollute ambient air in hydro- and pyrometallurgic industries.

[On health regulation of synthetic detergents]. / K probleme gigienicheskogo reglamentirovaniia sinteticheskikh moiushchikh sredstv.

The authors present materials on hygienic regulation of such synthetic detergents as "Losk", "Dixan" in air of workplace and populated area, demonstrate results concerning evaluation of "Losk" effects. Discussion covers ways to evaluate chemical load caused by simultaneous emission of synthetic detergents from various environmental objects. For testing reliability of hygienic regulation for complex emission exemplified by "Losk", the authors suggest a model for express evaluation of complex exposure to chemicals.

[Experimental research on the effect of the components in household chemical preparations on the body]. / Eksperimental'nye issledovaniia vliianiia nekotorykh sostavnykh komponentov preparatov bytovoi khimii na organizm.

Experiments on animals were conducted to study influence of following household chemical components included into synthetic washing and cleaning mixtures: anion-active surface active substances, protease Blap 200 G, Savinase 4.OT, Purafect 200 G, alkaline proteinase made in Russia, an aromatic "Magic blue". Surface active substances included into synthetic washing and cleaning mixtures were proved to increase biologic activity of chemical components of the mixtures. Powdered anion-active surface active substances, unlike liquid and paste-like ones, require hygienic regulation in air. All new components of synthetic washing and cleaning mixtures should undergo toxicologic and hygienic examination, and require studies on hygienic regulation, if found in concentrations hazardous for health.

[The pathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of poisonings by organic solvents, derivatives of chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride)]. / Patogenez, klinika i lechenie otravlenii nekotorymi organicheskimi rastvoriteliami, proizvodnymi khlorirovannykh uglevodorov (trikhlorétilen, chetyrekhkhloristyi uglerod).

Clinical studies and experiments on laboratory animals covered mechanism of trichloroethylene toxicity. The chemical and its metabolites cause nonspecific toxic effects in membranes and therefore induce energy metabolism disorder that is proved to be a trigger of pathologic process in the intoxication. Experimental studies failed to disclose and explain mechanism of compromised calcium metabolism and its role in cardiac manifestations seen in trichloroethylene poisoning.

[Evaluation of oxygen-dependent processes in in-vitro experiments for the purpose of the hygienic regulation of chemical substances]. / Otsenka kislorodzavisimykh ptotsessov v opytakh in vitro dlia tselei gigienicheskogo reglamentirovaniia khimicheskikh veshchestv.

The article suggests evaluation of tissue respiration in a pilot experiment, so as to promptly forecast toxicity, jeopardy and reveal metabolic activity and selective effects of industrial poisons.

[The pathogenesis of trichloroethylene poisoning]. / O patogeneze trikhlorétilenovoi intoksikatsii.

Basing on the results of original clinical and experimental studies, as well as on medical literature data, the contributors proposed a hypothesis of the toxic action of trichloroethylene. It was attempted to prove that the trigger links of trichloroethylene intoxications were the energy exchange disorders caused by the nonspecific membranotoxic actions of the substance's molecules and their metabolites, as well as the extra consumption of energy by the metabolic processing of the poison. Involvement of adaptational reactions, such as the catecholamines' discharge, under the conditions of the damaged metabolic system, decreased the cell's potential and aggravated the severity of intoxications.