Resistencia a la fractura in vitro de incrustaciones cerámicas usando dos materiales como bases cavitarias / in vitro fractures strength of ceramic inlays, using two types of cavity bases

Las bases cavitarias son usadas en odontología restauradora,varios materiales se recomiendan como base cavitaria en incrustaciones cerámicas. Objetivo: Comparar la resistencia a la fractura in vitro de una cerámica (disilicato de litio) como material restaurativo usando diferentes bases cavitarias en inlays en premolares. Material y métodos: Se elaboraron cavidades estandarizadas para inlays cerámicas MOD en 30 premolares. Se asignaron aleatoriamente tres grupos (n = 10): grupo 1: sin base cavitaria; grupo 2: base ionómero de vidrio reforzado con resina (VitrebondTM, 3M); grupo 3: base resina compuesta (FiltekTM Z350 XT, 3M). Las incrustaciones fueron fabricadas con disilicato de litio (IPS e.max®, Ivoclar) cementadas con (RelyXTM, 3M) y almacenadas en agua bidestilada (37 oC por 24 horas). Semidió la resistencia a la fractura en una máquina universal de pruebas mecánicas (MTS® Alliance RT/30) a una velocidad de 0.5 mm/minuto,fracturadas las muestras se registró bajo microscopia estereoscópica elmodo de fallo. Los datos se analizaron usando ANOVA de una vía y comparaciones post hoc con la prueba Scheffé. (Programa IBM SPSS STATISTICS 21.0). Resultados: El grupo control (sin base) obtuvo la media más alta (105.16 Kgf ± 11.41) siendo estadísticamente significativa con relación al grupo 2 (77.04 ± 19.69). El grupo 3 obtuvo una media (94.81 ± 10.65) siendo estadísticamente diferente del grupo 2 (p = .001). El modo de fallo más común fue el patrón IV (60 por ciento). Conclusiones: La resistencia a la fractura de inlays cerámicas de disilicato de litio es mayor en cavidades sin base cavitaria...

[Genetic thrombophilia and markers of endothelial activation in patients with preeclampsia]. / Trombofilia genética y marcadores de activación endotelial en pacientes con preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND: The presence of thrombosis in preeclampsia suggests that endothelial function could play an important role in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: Determine the association between markers of genetic thrombophilia, endothelial activation and preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective study of cases and controls to determine the factor V Leiden existence, protrombin G20210A, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, activated protein C resistance and levels of von Willebrand factor and the sFlt1 receptor were determined in 28 women with preeclampsia and 41 pregnant controls. RESULTS: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T had a high allelic frequency (0.50). Even in the absence of factor V Leiden, there were significant differences in the prevalence of activated protein C resistance and abnormal levels of sFlt1 between patients with preeclampsia homozygous for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and controls (72 vs. 10%, p <0.008 and 63.6 vs. 10%, p < 0.05, respectively). Patients with two or more abnormal tests, including homozygousity for the C677T allele had an increased risk of preeclampsia than those with one or no abnormal test (OR: 3.15; CI: 1.1-9.02). CONCLUSION: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T has a high allelic prevalence and is associated with markers of thrombosis and endothelial activation in Mexican women with preeclampsia.

[Causes of under recorded in job accidents]. / Causas de subregistro de accidentes de trabajo.

OBJECTIVE: To determine causes of under-record the job accidents in the IMSS at Veracruz state. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with a job accident who not concluded the proceedings to established as job accident (JA) in a Primary Care Unit, from September to December, in 2005. The data were obtained from ST-4-30-8 formats at emergency room. The results were analyzed through statistical programme. RESULTS: From 587 patients having job accidents, 242 (41 %) did not complete the administrative proceeding which would mark it as an accident during their work journey, and in this group, 118 (49 %) were agree to answer the survey. Contusions and wounds predominated on diagnostic. The proceeding for job accident was not completed by patients because: 53% said that did not matter, 24 % patients had not validity in the institute, and 10 % patients had not obtained boss permission to complete proceedings. CONCLUSIONS: Patients apathy, invalidity in the institute, and lack boss permission to complete proceedings were the main reasons of under-recorded.

Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in multi-transfused patients in Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a public health problem worldwide, with particular relevance in multi-transfused patients given that HCV is principally transmitted by exposure to infected blood. STUDY DESIGN: Between February and September 2003 a cross-sectional study was carried out in four hospital centres in Bogotá and Medellin, Colombia, to determine the risk factors for HCV infection in 500 multi-transfused patients. RESULTS: The study population was distributed in five groups: haemophilia, haemodyalsis, acute bleeding, ontological illnesses and sickle cell disease or thalassemia. Serum samples from patients were tested for HCV antibodies (Asxym, Abbott). An overall prevalence (9.0%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4-11.6) (45/500) of HCV infection was found. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 32.2% of patients with haemophilia, 6.1% of patients undergoing haemodialysis, 7.1% of patients with sickle cell disease or thalassemia, 2.6% of patients with acute bleeding and 3.4% of patients with ontological or hematological diseases. The main risk factors associated with infection by HCV were: to be hemophilic (odds ratio, OR = 18.03; 95% Cl: 3.96-114.17), having received transfusions before 1995 (OR = 12.27; 95% Cl: 5.57-27.69), and having received more than 48 units of blood components (OR = 6.08; 95% CI: 3.06-12.1). In the multivariate analysis, only the year of transfusions (before 1995) remained significantly associated with risk of infection by HCV. CONCLUSIONS: The data show a 3-fold reduction in the infection risk between 1993 and 1995, when the serological screening for HCV in blood donors was being introduced. A reduction greater than 90% was achieved by 1995 when the screening coverage reached 99%.

Monounsaturated fatty acid (avocado) rich diet for mild hypercholesterolemia

To assess the effect of a high monoinsaturated fatty acids (MFA) diet on serum lipids, 30 healthy adultt normolipidemic volunteers and 37 adult patients with mild hypercholesterolemia (5.4 - 9.3 mmol/l), 15 of them also with hypertriglyceridemia (2.3 - 4.8 mmol/l), were studied. Fifteen healthy and 30 hypercholesterolemic subjects (15 of them with associated type 2 diabetes mellitus) received an avocado enriched diet (2000 Kcal, lipids 53 percent MFA 49 g saturated/unsaturated ratio 0.54), and seven non-diabetic hypercholesterolemic individuals received an isocaloric control diet (MFA 34 g, saturated/unsaturated ratio 0.7). Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured before and after a 7-day diet period. In healthy individuals a 16 percent decrease of serum total cholesterol level followed the high MFA diet, while it rose after the control diet (p<0.001 between diets). In hypercholesterolemic subjects a significant (p<0.01) decrease of serum total cholesterol (17 percent), LDL-cholesterol (22 percent) and triglycerides (22 percent), and increase of HDL-cholesterol (11 percent) levels occurred with the avocado diet, while no significant changes were noticed with the control diet. High lipid, high MFA-avocado enriched diet can improve lipid profile in healty and especially in mild hypercholesterolemic patients, even if hypertriglyceridemia (combined hyperlipidemia) is present