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1.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 84(1): e1-e9, ene. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-147634

ABSTRACT

La displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) es la secuela más prevalente del recién nacido pretérmino, y sigue suponiendo un motivo frecuente de consulta en las unidades de Neumología Pediátrica. La decisión del alta de la unidad neonatal debe apoyarse en una valoración exhaustiva de la situación clínica del paciente y en el cumplimiento de unos requisitos, que incluyen la estabilidad respiratoria y nutricional, y la instrucción a los cuidadores en el manejo domiciliario. Para un control adecuado de la enfermedad, es necesario que quede establecido, previamente al alta, un calendario de visitas y de exploraciones complementarias, y deben aplicarse las pautas de prevención de exacerbaciones y el tratamiento apropiados. El concepto de DBP como enfermedad multisistémica es fundamental en el seguimiento de los pacientes y debe ser tenido en cuenta para un buen control de la enfermedad. En este documento, el Grupo de Trabajo de Patología Respiratoria Perinatal de la Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica propone un protocolo que sirva como referencia para unificar el seguimiento de los pacientes con DBP entre los diferentes centros y ámbitos asistenciales. Se revisan los aspectos a tener en cuenta en la evaluación previa al alta de la Unidad Neonatal y las principales complicaciones durante el seguimiento. Seguidamente, se detallan las recomendaciones en materia de tratamiento de la enfermedad y prevención de complicaciones, los controles tras el alta y su cronología


Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of preterm birth, and remains a major problem in pediatric pulmonology units. The decision of discharging from the Neonatal Unit should be based on a thorough assessment of the condition of the patient and compliance with certain requirements, including respiratory and nutritional stability, and caregiver education on disease management. For proper control of the disease, a schedule of visits and complementary tests should be established prior to discharge, and guidelines for prevention of exacerbations and appropriate treatment should be applied. In this paper, the Working Group in Perinatal Respiratory Diseases of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Pulmonology proposes a protocol to serve as a reference for the follow up of patients with BPD among different centers and health care settings. Key factors to consider when planning discharge from the Neonatal Unit and during follow up are reviewed. Recommendations on treatment and prevention of complications are then discussed. The final section of this guide aims to provide a specific schedule for follow-up and diagnostic interventions to be performed in patients with BPD


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/prevention & control , Clinical Protocols , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis , Blood Gas Analysis/methods , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/complications , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/diagnosis , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/physiopathology , Follow-Up Studies , Infant, Premature/physiology , Health Status Indicators
2.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 84(1): 61.e1-9, 2016 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26089228

ABSTRACT

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of preterm birth, and remains a major problem in pediatric pulmonology units. The decision of discharging from the Neonatal Unit should be based on a thorough assessment of the condition of the patient and compliance with certain requirements, including respiratory and nutritional stability, and caregiver education on disease management. For proper control of the disease, a schedule of visits and complementary tests should be established prior to discharge, and guidelines for prevention of exacerbations and appropriate treatment should be applied. In this paper, the Working Group in Perinatal Respiratory Diseases of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Pulmonology proposes a protocol to serve as a reference for the follow up of patients with BPD among different centers and health care settings. Key factors to consider when planning discharge from the Neonatal Unit and during follow up are reviewed. Recommendations on treatment and prevention of complications are then discussed. The final section of this guide aims to provide a specific schedule for follow-up and diagnostic interventions to be performed in patients with BPD.


Subject(s)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Practice Guidelines as Topic
3.
Rev. patol. respir ; 18(3): 107-113, jul.-sept. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-144248

ABSTRACT

El asma infantil presenta peculiaridades, tanto en su diagnóstico y tratamiento como en su evolución, que la diferencia de la que se encuentra en el adulto. Por ello, es importante que las guías recojan estas características especiales para un mejor manejo del asma en la edad pediátrica, tanto por parte del especialista como del médico de atención primaria. La nueva edición de la Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma (GEMA 4.0) refleja esta necesidad, refiriéndose más ampliamente al asma infantil, dedicando un mayor número de apartados específicos del niño que en su edición anterior. Así pues, esta revisión se centra exclusivamente en el aspecto pediátrico de la guía, comparando los cambios encontrados en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de asma en el niño, así como en sus variantes, como el asma grave de difícil control y sus patologías asociadas, como la rinitis


For a better treatment by both specialist and general practitioner of asthma in pediatric age, guidelines should include special characteristics related to childhood asthma as it presents peculiarities in its diagnosis, treatment and evolution as opposed to asthma in adults. The new edition of the Spanish Guidelines for Asthma Management (GEMA 4.0) reflects this need, referring more widely to infant asthma, devoting a greater number of specific sections for children than its previous edition. This review focuses solely on the pediatric aspect of the guide, comparing changes found in the diagnosis and treatment of asthma on infants including variants such as severe asthma difficult to control and its associated diseases like rhinitis


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , /standards , Asthma/genetics , Asthma/pathology , Child, Preschool/legislation & jurisprudence , Primary Health Care , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology , Asthma/complications , Asthma/metabolism , Child, Preschool/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/methods , Rhinitis/complications , Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
4.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 72(10): e332-e337, nov. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-130802

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los niños con neumopatías crónicas presentan más morbilidad que los pretérmino si se sobreinfectan por el virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) y, en algunas ocasiones, podrían beneficiarse de la profilaxis, incluso más que los niños con cardiopatías. El objetivo de este estudio era describir las características y la tasa de hospitalización por VRS en pacientes pediátricos con neumopatía crónica que habían recibido profilaxis con palivizumab (PVZ). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en pacientes con neumopatía de base que habían recibido profilaxis con PVZ en el periodo 2011-2012. Resultados: De los 74 pacientes incluidos, el 55% eran niños. La edad media al inicio de la profilaxis en esta estación fue de 15,7 ± 13,8 meses. El 69% (51/74) recibieron profilaxis completa y el 31% (23/74) incompleta. Ningún paciente interrumpió la profilaxis por presentar reacciones adversas. La media de dosis administradas fue de 4,7 ± 0,8. El 27% (20/74) presentó, como mínimo, una reagudización respiratoria aguda y el 6,7% (5/74) un segundo episodio. En 2 pacientes el agente infeccioso responsable fue el VRS, y en 18 otros agentes. Los 2 pacientes con infección por el VRS requirieron ingreso hospitalario, y el 45,5% (8/18) de los pacientes del grupo afectado por otros agentes. La tasa global de hospitalización por infección por el VRS en la muestra de estudio fue del 2,7%. Conclusiones: La tasa de hospitalización en nuestro estudio fue similar a la obtenida en otros realizados en pacientes con otras patologías de base a los que se les había administrado profilaxis con PVZ, lo que puede sugerir un efecto beneficioso en pacientes con neumopatías de base (AU)


Purpose: Children with chronic lung disease have more morbidity than preterm children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) overinfection and even compared to heart disease, and could benefit from this prophylaxis. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and the RSV hospitalization rate in pediatric patients with chronic lung disease who received prophylaxis with palivizumab (PVZ) in the 2011-2012 RSV outbreak. Patients and methods: Retrospective study was designed and patients with chronic lung disease who have received prophylaxis with PVZ in the previous RSV season were included. Results: Of 74 patients included, 55% were males. Mean age at the beginning of prophylaxis in the season 2011-2012 was 15.7 ± 13.8 months. Sixty-nine percent (51/74) of them received complete prophylaxis with PVZ and 31% (23/74) received incomplete prophylaxis. None of the patients withdrew prophylaxis due to an adverse reaction. Mean administrated doses were 4.7 ± 0.8. From all, 27% (20/74) suffered at least one respiratory relapse, with or without hospitalization, and 6.7% (5/74) a second relapse. In only 2/20 of those with any relapse the responsible infectious agent was RSV. Both patients (100%) with RSV infection required hospitalization, while 45.5% (8/18) of the patients in the other group. Hospitalization rate due to RSV infection for our study sample was 2.7. Conclusions: Hospitalization rate obtained in our study was within the range found in previous reports in patients with other chronic conditions who have received prophylaxis with PVZ which may suggest a health benefit in patients with chronic lung diseases (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/pathogenicity , Lung Diseases/complications
5.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 64(3): 244-7, 2006 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16527091

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 2-3 % of infants develop cow's milk allergy (CMA). Treatment consists of eliminating milk from the diet. Some studies have shown growth failure in children with CMA and a milk-free diet. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate growth status at 1 and 2 years of age in infants diagnosed with CMA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, retrospective study of all infants diagnosed with CMA from 2000-2001 was performed. The following data were analyzed: chronology and type of feeding, the presence of allergy to other foods, atopic dermatitis or other symptoms of allergy, duration of CMA, and anthropometric data (weight and height) at diagnosis, and at 1 and 2 years of age. Anthropometric data were expressed as Z-scores. RESULTS: A total of 141 infants (71 boys and 70 girls) were studied. Atopic dermatitis was found in 67 infants (47.5%) and wheezing in 36 (25.5%). Allergy to foods other than milk was found in 27%. Only 21.3% of the infants grew out of CMA at the age of 2 years, of which 37% did so in the first year of life. Z-scores for weight were -0.5 at birth, -0.25 at the first follow-up visit, -0.25 at 1 year, and -0.19 at 2 years. Z-scores for height were 10.26 at the first follow-up visit, 10.64 at 1 year, and 10.35 at 2 years. A significant difference in Z scores for weight was found in infants with allergies to other foods, atopic dermatitis or wheezing compared with those with CMA only. CONCLUSIONS: Infants with CMA receiving a substitute formula (hydrolyzed or soy formulae) showed normal weight and height at 2 years, although the percentile for height tended to be better than that for weight. The presence of other food allergies, atopic dermatitis or wheezing seems to affect the nutritional status of infants with CMA.


Subject(s)
Growth , Infant Formula , Milk Hypersensitivity , Anthropometry , Child, Preschool , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Female , Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Humans , Infant , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Nutritional Status , Retrospective Studies , Soy Milk
6.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 64(3): 244-247, mar. 2006. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045703

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Aproximadamente el 2-3 % de los lactantes sufren alergia a proteínas de leche de vaca (APLV). El tratamiento consiste en su eliminación de la dieta. Algunos estudios han demostrado una disminución del crecimiento en aquellos niños con APLV y dieta exenta en lácteos. Objetivos: Evaluación del crecimiento al año y a los 2 años de edad de una cohorte amplia de lactantes diagnosticados de APLV. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo de todos los lactantes diagnosticados de APLV en el período 2000-2001. Se recogieron datos relativos a la cronología y tipo de alimentación, presencia de alergia a otros alimentos, dermatitis atópica u otros síntomas de alergia, duración de la APLV y datos antropométricos (peso y talla) en el momento del diagnóstico, al año y 2 años de edad. Los datos antropométricos se expresan como puntuación Z. Resultados: Fueron diagnosticados de APLV 141 niños (71 niños y 70 niñas). Un total de 67 niños (47,5 %) presentaron dermatitis atópica y 36 (25,5 %) sibilancias. El 27 % tuvo alergia a otros alimentos además de la leche. Sólo el 21,3 % de los niños habían superado la APLV a los 2 años de edad, de los que el 37 % lo hicieron en el primer año. La puntuación Z para el peso fue ­0,5 al nacimiento, ­0,25 en la primera visita; ­0,25 al año y ­0,19 a los 2 años. La puntuación Z para la talla fue de 10,26, 10,64 y 10,35 en el momento del diagnóstico, al año y a los 2 años de edad, respectivamente. La alergia a otros alimentos, la presencia de dermatitis atópica o de sibilancias resultaron en una diferencia significativa de la puntuación Z del peso con respecto a los que sólo presentaron alergia a APLV. Conclusiones: Los niños con APLV que toman una fórmula de sustitución (hidrolizado o preparado de soja) tienen, a los 2 años de edad, un desarrollo ponderoestatural similar al de la población sana, aunque se apreció una tendencia a mejor percentil de talla que de peso. La multialergia alimentaria, así como la presencia de dermatitis o sibilancias, parecen ser factores que afecten al estado nutricional del niño con APLV


Introduction: Approximately 2-3 % of infants develop cow's milk allergy (CMA). Treatment consists of eliminating milk from the diet. Some studies have shown growth failure in children with CMA and a milk-free diet. Objectives: To evaluate growth status at 1 and 2 years of age in infants diagnosed with CMA. Material and methods: An observational, longitudinal, retrospective study of all infants diagnosed with CMA from 2000-2001 was performed. The following data were analyzed: chronology and type of feeding, the presence of allergy to other foods, atopic dermatitis or other symptoms of allergy, duration of CMA, and anthropometric data (weight and height) at diagnosis, and at 1 and 2 years of age. Anthropometric data were expressed as z-scores. Results: A total of 141 infants (71 boys and 70 girls) were studied. Atopic dermatitis was found in 67 infants (47.5 %) and wheezing in 36 (25.5 %). Allergy to foods other than milk was found in 27 %. Only 21.3 % of the infants grew out of CMA at the age of 2 years, of which 37 % did so in the first year of life. Z-scores for weight were ­0.5 at birth, ­0.25 at the first follow-up visit, ­0.25 at 1 year, and ­0.19 at 2 years. Z-scores for height were 10.26 at the first follow-up visit, 10.64 at 1 year, and 10.35 at 2 years. A significant difference in Z scores for weight was found in infants with allergies to other foods, atopic dermatitis or wheezing compared with those with CMA only. Conclusions: Infants with CMA receiving a substitute formula (hydrolyzed or soy formulae) showed normal weight and height at 2 years, although the percentile for height tended to be better than that for weight. The presence of other food allergies, atopic dermatitis or wheezing seems to affect the nutritional status of infants with CMA


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Humans , Growth , Infant Formula , Milk Hypersensitivity , Anthropometry , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Longitudinal Studies , Nutritional Status , Retrospective Studies
8.
An Esp Pediatr ; 54(1): 86-8, 2001 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11256366

ABSTRACT

A tracheostomy was performed in a 4-month-old girl with Crouzon's syndrome because of upper respiratory obstruction. During the procedure the absence of tracheal rings was observed. These findings were confirmed by postoperative bronchoscopy. Subsequent surgical correction of the patient's craniofacial anomalies enabled decannulation when the patient was 10 months old. Complete cartilaginous trachea is very rare and is always associated with craniosynostotic syndromes. Tracheobronchial anomalies should be investigated in patients whose respiratory symptoms are not due to upper airway obstruction.


Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple , Craniofacial Dysostosis/complications , Trachea/abnormalities , Cartilage , Female , Humans , Infant
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