Enfermedad periodontal como signo clínico precoz de la arteriopatía cerebral autosómica dominante con infartos subcorticales y leucoencefalopatía (CADASIL) / Periodontal disease as an early clinical sign of cerebral autosomal, dominant arteriopathy with subcortical, infarcts and leudoencephalopathy (CADASIL)

Introducción. Los signos clínicos de la arteriopatía cerebral autosómica dominante con infartos subcorticales y leucoencefalopatía (CADASIL) se expresan principalmente en el sistema nervioso y recientemente se han descrito en la retina. Objetivo. Establecer la prevalencia y el riesgo de enfermedad periodontal en sujetos de familias con historia de presencia de mutación CADASIL del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Sujetos y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal (crosssectional), con asignación al grupo CADASIL y grupo control según genotipificación de cada sujeto para la mutación R1031C y C455R en Notch3. Cada participante firmó voluntariamente el consentimiento informado y recibió evaluación clínica neurológica,neuropsicológica y periodontal. Resultados. No existieron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos según edad, sexo, escolaridad, tabaquismo, estado cognitivo, estado funcional y presencia de dientes naturales. La frecuencia de placa blanda, gingivitis y enfermedad periodontal fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de portadores de mutación CADASILque en el grupo control. El grupo CADASIL presentó seis veces más riesgo de tener placa blanda mayor o igual al 20% que el grupo control. La prevalencia de gingivitis mayor o igual al 10% se presentó en el total de los integrantes del grupo CADASIL. Las personas que conformaron el grupo CADASIL presentaron cinco veces más riesgo de tener enfermedad periodontal que el grupo control. Conclusión. Las personas portadoras de mutación CADASIL presentan mayor prevalencia y riesgo de enfermedad periodontal (AU)

Introduction. The clinical signs of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) are expressed mainly in the nervous system and recently reports also situate them in the retina. Aim. To determine the prevalence and risk of periodontal disease in subjects from families with a history of CADASIL mutation in the department of Antioquia, Colombia. Subjects and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with subjects being assigned to the CADASIL group or a control group according to genotyping for the R1031C AND C455R mutation in Notch3. Each participant voluntarily signed the informed consent document and was submitted to neurological, neuropsychological and periodontal evaluation. Results. No significant differences were found between the two groups according to age, sex, schooling, tobacco smoking, cognitive status, functional status and the presence of natural teeth. The frequency of soft plaque, gingivitis and periodontal disease was significantly higher in the group of carriers of the CADASIL mutation than in the control group. The CADASIL group had six times more risk of having soft plaque above or equal to 20% than the control group. Prevalence of gingivitis above or equal to 10% was observed in all the members of the CADASIL group. The people in the CADASIL group had five times more risk of suffering periodontal disease than the control group. Conclusions. Carriers of the CADASIL mutation displayed a higher prevalence and risk of periodontal disease (AU)

[Periodontal disease as an early clinical sign of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)]. / Enfermedad periodontal como signo clínico precoz de la arteriopatía cerebral autosómica dominante con infartos subcorticales y leucoencefalopatía (CADASIL).

INTRODUCTION: The clinical signs of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) are expressed mainly in the nervous system and recently reports also situate them in the retina. AIM: To determine the prevalence and risk of periodontal disease in subjects from families with a history of CADASIL mutation in the department of Antioquia, Colombia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, with subjects being assigned to the CADASIL group or a control group according to genotyping for the R1031C and C455R mutation in Notch3. Each participant voluntarily signed the informed consent document and was submitted to neurological, neuropsychological and periodontal evaluation. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the two groups according to age, sex, schooling, tobacco smoking, cognitive status, functional status and the presence of natural teeth. The frequency of soft plaque, gingivitis and periodontal disease was significantly higher in the group of carriers of the CADASIL mutation than in the control group. The CADASIL group had six times more risk of having soft plaque above or equal to 20% than the control group. Prevalence of gingivitis above or equal to 10% was observed in all the members of the CADASIL group. The people in the CADASIL group had five times more risk of suffering periodontal disease than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Carriers of the CADASIL mutation displayed a higher prevalence and risk of periodontal disease.

In vitro erosive capacity of some fruit juices and soft or low alcoholic strength beverages on human teeth.

The in vitro erosive capacity of different fruit juices and soft or low alcoholic strength beverages (n = 50) on human teeth was examined. The end-point was the amount of calcium and phosphate released into the medium following incubation with the test substance. Overall, the erosive capacity rose as the pH of the products fell. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the dissolving effect and pH or the modulating action in the presence of acids (r = -0.69282 and -0.63708 respectively; p = 0.0000). Conversely, there was no association between erosive capacity and concentrations of calcium, phosphate or fluoride. Considered overall, sport drinks exhibited the greatest demineralizing effect. Beer had the lowest dissolving action. Most of the drinks manufactured with grapefruit, lime or lemon/lime proved to be more erosive than those prepared with apple or peach. Susceptibility to erosion was virtually the same for all types of teeth and dental surfaces. The cervical portion which harbours the anatomical neck underwent dissolution more readily than the coronary portion (p < 0.001). The erosive capacity of the fruit juices and beverages tested is related to their pH. However, a strict relation between free H+ and demineralizing action was not found, probably due to the influence of other factors not considered in the present study.

Effects of xylitol, sorbitol and fluoride mouthrinses on glucose clearance in adolescents.

The present work describes and analyzes the results of a randomized clinical trial on 98 healthy adolescents (age 18 +/- 0.7 years) in order to evaluate the effects of a 14 days treatment with mouthrinses containing xylitol (0.2%; 0.5% and 1%), sorbitol (1%), NaF (0.1% respectively) on salivary glucose clearance. In all volunteers oral glucose clearance followed an exponential curve as a function of time, which fitted almost exactly to the equation log Ct = log Co - bt from 1 to 16 minutes after sugar rinsing. Xylitol treatment provoked an increase in oral glucose clearance, which was proportional to its concentration in the mouthrinse formula. The average AUC (area under curve) decrease was 9.1% in subjects rinsing with 0.2% xylitol; 21.5% with 0.5% xylitol and 40.0% with 1% xylitol. 1% sorbitol or 0.1% NaF did not modify any of the pharmacokinetical parameters over the same treatment time. The mouthrinses containing 1% xylitol and 0.1% NaF produced the same results as 1% xylitol alone on oral glucose clearance. No significant changes in the salivary flow rate nor in oral health parameters were observed concomitant to the faster oral glucose clearance by xylitol treatment. Since the sugars salivary clearance is part of a process intended to prevent dental caries, our results suggest that xylitol adds another mechanism of action to its well known cariostatic and anticaries properties.