ABSTRACT
Se registra Liolaemus warjantay para el departamento de Ayacucho, una especie conocida anteriormente solo para Arequipa. La nueva población es identificada en base a secuencias de ADN y se muestra su variación morfométrica y merística. También, se realizan comentarios sobre las especies recientemente descritas del grupo montanus de Perú.
Liolaemus warjantay is recorded in the Ayacucho department, a species previously known only from Arequipa. The new population is identified based on DNA sequences, also its morphometric and meristic variability is presented. Additionally, comments are made regarding recently described species within the montanus group in Peru.
ABSTRACT
Species delimitation studies based on integrative taxonomic approaches have received considerable attention in the last few years, and have provided the strongest hypotheses of species boundaries. We used three lines of evidence (molecular, morphological, and niche envelopes) to test for species boundaries in Peruvian populations of the Liolaemus walkeri complex. Our results show that different lines of evidence and analyses are congruent in different combinations, for unambiguous delimitation of three lineages that were "hidden" within known species, and now deserve species status. Our phylogenetic analysis shows that L. walkeri, L. tacnae and the three new species are strongly separated from other species assigned to the alticolor-bibronii group. Few conventional morphological characters distinguish the new species from closely related taxa and this highlights the need to integrate other sources of data to erect strong hypothesis of species limits. A taxonomic key for known Peruvian species of the subgenus Lioalemus is provided.
ResumenLos estudios sobre delimitación de especies basados en un enfoque integral han recibido considerable atención en los últimos años, y proveen las hipótesis más robustas sobre límites de especies. Usamos tres líneas de evidencia (molecular, morfológica y modelos de nichos) para evaluar los límites de especies entre poblaciones peruanas del complejo Liolaemus walkeri. Nuestros resultados muestran que las diferentes líneas de evidencia y análisis en diferentes combinaciones son congruentes en el descubrimiento no ambiguo de tres linajes que estuvieron confundidos con especies ya conocidas y que ahora merecen reconocimiento específico. Nuestro análisis filogenético muestra que L. walkeri, L. tacnae y las tres nuevas especies están bien distanciadas de las otras especies asignadas al grupo alticolor-bibronii. Pocos caracteres morfológicos convencionales distinguen las nuevas especies de otras estrechamente relacionadas, y esto indica la necesidad de integración de diferentes fuentes de datos para elaborar hipótesis más sólidas sobre límites entre especies. Se proporciona una clave taxonómica para las especies peruanas conocidas del subgénero Liolaemus.
ABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo la larva de Telmatobius rimac es descrita y ocho nuevos registros de anfibios y reptiles para el departamento de Lima son dados a conocer. Los nuevos registros de anfibios para Lima son Gastrotheca peruana y Pleurodema marmorata. Los nuevos registros de reptiles son las lagartijas Phyllodactylus gerrhopygus y Ameiva edracantha, y las serpientes Leptotyphlops tricolor, Philodryas tachymenoides, Sibynomorphus vagus y Tantilla capistrata. Con este estudio la herpetofauna presente en el departamento de Lima queda compuesta de 7 anfibios y 33 reptiles. Se proporciona una clave de identificación para los anfibios y una lista actualizada de la herpetofauna del departamento de Lima.
The tadpole of Telmatobius rimac is described and eight species of amphibians and reptiles are reported for the first time in Departamento de Lima. New amphibians records are Gastrotheca peruana and Pleurodema marmorata. New reptile records are the lizards Phyllodactylus gerrophygus and Ameiva edracantha, and the snakes Leptotyphlops tricolor, Philodryas tachymenoides, Sibynomorphus vagus and Tantilla capistrata. With this study, the herpetofauna of Lima is composed of 7 amphibians and 33 reptiles. An identification key for amphibians and an updated list of the herpetofauna for Departamento de Lima is provided.
Subject(s)
Animals , Amphibians , Larva , ReptilesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether baseline status could predict the responsiveness to one-year growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in adult GH deficient (GHD) patients. DESIGN: A total of 380 European patients with adult onset GHD due to non-functioning pituitary adenoma that had been enrolled in Pfizer International Metabolic Database (KIMS), and that had completed one year of GH replacement therapy within KIMS, were studied. RESULTS: The mean initial dose of GH was 0.22 (SEM 0.01) mg/day and after one year, the mean dose was 0.36 (0.01) mg/day. The mean insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) SD score increased from -1.75 (0.08) at baseline to 0.47 (0.05) after one year. Quality of life (QoL)-Assessment of GHD in Adults (QoL-AGHDA), waist circumference, waist:hip ratio, and serum lipid pattern improved. Women received a higher dose of GH than men after one year, and demonstrated similar treatment response. In multiple stepwise forward regression analyses, the one-year changes in QoL-AGHDA score, waist:hip ratio, and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level correlated inversely with the baseline values of the same variable. In addition, the change after one year in QoL-AGHDA score correlated inversely with duration of hypopituitarism and baseline serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level, and the change in waist:hip ratio correlated inversely, although more weakly, with baseline serum HDL-C level and UK citizenship and positively with baseline waist circumference and the initial GH dose. The change in serum LDL-C level additionally correlated inversely with the mean GH dose and duration of hypopituitarism and positively with UK citizenship. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline status could, with moderate strength, predict the responsiveness in the same variable whereas it could not, or only weakly, predict the response in other variables. Therefore, when the decision to start GH replacement is undertaken, as many outcome variables as possible should be evaluated in order to adequately evaluate the likelihood of clinical benefit. Finally, women have a similar response to GH replacement as men when individualised GH dosing schedules are employed and should therefore be selected for GH therapy to a similar extent.
