ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscope is one of the instruments used extensively in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive tract disorders. China is confronted with a great demand for endoscopists working in grassroots healthcare facilities. Furthermore, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are becoming the prevailing methods of endoscopic treatment of digestive diseases. Therefore, there is a growing demand for senior endoscopists. Currently, an important focus of GI endoscopy training is the acceleration of standardized training for endoscopists working in grassroots health facilities and advanced training for senior endoscopists. Simulation devices based on virtual reality technology exhibit strengths in objectivity, authenticity, and an immersive experience. These devices show advantages in the training method, the number of participants, and assessment over traditional training programs for GI endoscopy. Their application provides a new approach to the training and teaching of GI endoscopy. Herein, we summarized the explorations and practices of using virtual reality technology in the training and teaching of GI endoscopy, analyzed its application status in China, and discussed its prospects for future application.
Subject(s)
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Virtual Reality , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/education , Humans , China , TeachingSubject(s)
Adenoma/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , DNA Methylation , Early Detection of Cancer , Epigenesis, Genetic , Epigenome , Epigenomics , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Adenoma/pathology , Adenoma/surgery , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Circulating Tumor DNA/blood , Colectomy , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery , Humans , Neoplasm Staging , Pilot Projects , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Bezoars/surgery , Gastroscopy/methods , Stomach , Bezoars/etiology , Child , Female , Humans , Pica/complications , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of location, depth and size of upper gastrointestinal (GI) submucosal tumors (SMTs) on the success of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER). METHODS: Patient records of 31 cases with upper GI SMTs who had STER between Jan. 1, 2014 and June 30, 2015 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were retrieved. The success of STER was determined by its efficiency, complete resection rate, and incidence of complications. RESULTS: Of the 31 cases, 29 were treated successfully, with an average of (13.76 +/- 9.70) min and (32.00 +/- 27.35) min for tunnel formation of esophageal and stomach mucosal tumors respectively (P = 0.045). The 2 unsuccessful cases were gastric tumors. SMTs resection for mucous layer and muscularis propria took (17.50 +/- 9.06) min and (36.24 +/- 15.68) min, respectively (P=0.004). SMTs resection for tumors diameter < 2.0 cm and > or = 2.0 cm took (25.78 +/- 12.13) min and (39.73 +/- 19.23) min, respectively (P=0.023). Six cases of gastric tumors from muscularis propria had complications (19.4%) during or after surgery. CONCLUSION: Location, depth and size of upper GI SMTs has implications on duration of different STER stages, which may determine complete resection rate and incidence of complications.
