ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown the carcinogenic role of long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) TRERNA1. However, the role of TRERNA1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been reported. This research aims to explore the regulatory effect of TRERNA1/FOXL1 axis on the malignant progression of NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the expression levels of TRERNA1 and FOXL1 in 39 pairs of tumor tissues and paracancerous ones collected from NSCLC patients. The potential relation between TRERNA1 expression and clinical indicators of NSCLC patients was analyzed. Meanwhile, expression levels of TRERNA1 and FOXL1 in NSCLC cell lines were also detected by qRT-PCR. In addition, TRERNA1 knockdown model was constructed in H358 and SPC-A1 cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), cell colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were applied to analyze the influence of TRERNA1 on NSCLC cell biological functions. Finally, Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay and cell reverse recovery experiments were performed to figure out the underlying mechanisms of TRERNA1 in regulating NSCLC progression. RESULTS: QRT-PCR results indicated that the expression level of lncRNA TRERNA1 in tumor tissue samples of NSCLC patients was remarkably higher than that in adjacent tissues. Compared with NSCLC patients with low expression of TRERNA1, patients with high TRERNA1 expression had a worse pathological stage and overall survival. Similarly, compared with cells in sh-NC group, the proliferation ability of cells in sh-TRERNA1 group was remarkably attenuated. In addition, cell ratio in the G1 phase increased after knockdown of TRERNA1, suggesting the arrested G1/S cell cycle. Subsequently, FOXL1 was downregulated in NSCLC cell lines and tumor tissues. Meanwhile, FOXL1 level was verified to be negatively correlated with TRERNA1 level. Additionally, the binding between TRERNA1 and FOXL1 was confirmed by Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay. Cell reverse investigation indicated the involvement of FOXL1 in TRERNA1-regulated malignant progression of NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA TRERNA1 was up-regulated both in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Its level was associated with pathological stage and poor prognosis in NSCLC. In addition, lncRNA TRERNA1 could promote the malignant progression of NSCLC via modulating FOXL1.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism , Disease Progression , Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , RNA, Long Noncoding/biosynthesis , A549 Cells , Aged , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Female , Forkhead Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors , Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , RNA, Long Noncoding/geneticsABSTRACT
Two approaches for estimating and improving resolution in chromatography analyses can be applied successfully to voltammetric measurements. It is shown that the resolution of voltammetric procedures yielding symmetric (or nearly symmetric) current peaks can be described by R = 2DeltaE (p)1.699 (b(1,2,1) + b(1,2,1)) where DeltaE(p) is the difference between the peak potentials of the two analytes, and b(1,2,1) and b(1,2,2) are the peak half-widths. The window diagram approach is used to improve the resolution between neighbouring voltammetric peaks by optimization of the supporting electrolyte composition. The applicability of these approaches to differential-pulse anodic-stripping measurements at the mercury film electrode is demonstrated.
Subject(s)
Flavins/analysis , Riboflavin/analysis , Adsorption , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Electrodes , MercuryABSTRACT
The effects of various organic compounds on the differential-pulse anodic-stripping voltammetric response at the in-situ plated mercury film electrode are explored. These effects vary from metal to metal and from one organic compound to another. The most pronounced effects are observed in measurements of copper. The main effect of the organic compound is to depress the peak current rather than change the peak shape or potential. The differences between the organic interferences observed at the mercury film electrode and those reported at the hanging mercury drop electrode are explained by the different morphology and geometry of the two electrodes. The implications of these interferences for the reliability and feasibility of stripping measurements in natural waters are discussed. Gelatin, camphor, humic acid, starch, agar, sodium dodecyl sulphate and albumin were used as representative organic compounds, and cadmium, lead, and copper as test metal ions.
