Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in Black Goats in Shanxi Province, North China: From a Public Health Perspective.

Blastocystis spp. and Giardia duodenalis are two prevalent zoonotic intestinal parasites that can cause severe diarrhea and intestinal diseases in humans and many animals. Black goat (Capra hircus) farming is increasingly important in China due to the remarkable adaptability, high reproductive performance, rapid growth rate, and significant economic value of black goats. A number of studies have indicated that black goats are the potential reservoir of multiple zoonotic protozoans in China; however, the prevalence and zoonotic status of G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in black goats in Shanxi Province is still unknown. Thus, a total of 1200 fecal samples of black goats were collected from several representative regions at different altitudes in Shanxi Province and were examined for the presence and genotypes of G. duodenallis and Blastocystis spp. by amplifying the beta-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) loci of G. duodenalis and SSU rRNA of Blastocystis spp. using PCR and sequence analysis methods, respectively. The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in black goats in Shanxi Province were 7.5% and 3.5%, respectively. Two assemblages (B and E) of G. duodenalis and four subtypes (ST5, ST10, ST14, and ST30) of Blastocystis spp. were identified, with assemblage E and ST10 as the prevalent genotype and subtype in black goats, respectively. One novel multilocus genotype (MLG) was identified in MLG-E and was designated as MLG-E12. For both G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp., the prevalence was significantly related to the region and age groups (p < 0.05). This is the first report on the prevalence of G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in black goats in Shanxi Province. These results not only provide baseline data for the prevention and control of both parasites in black goats in Shanxi Province, but also enhance our understanding of the genetic composition and zoonotic potential of these two parasites.

Development of KLA-RGD integrated lipopeptide with the effect of penetrating membrane which target the αvß3 receptor and the application of combined antitumor.

Herein, an amphiphilic cationic anticancer lipopeptide P17 with α-helical structure was synthesized based on the integration of KLA and RGD peptide which could bind with the receptor of integrin αvß3. P17 could self assemble into stable spherical aggregates in aqueous solution, and which could encapsulate the anticancer drugs (Such as Dox) to form P17 @ Anticancer drug nanomedicine (P17 @ Dox nanomedicine) which could play the combined therapy of P17 and anticancer drugs (Dox). The encapsulation efficiency of P17 aggregates to Dox was 80.4 ± 3.2 %, and the release behavior of P17 @ Dox nanomedicine in vitro had the characteristics of slow-release and pH responsiveness. The experiments in vitro showed that P17 lipopeptide had low cytotoxicity, high serum stability, low hemolysis and strong penetrating membrane ability. The release of Dox from P17 @ Dox in cells was time-dependment, and the P17 @ Dox nanomedicine had a good anticancer effect. The experiments in vivo showed that P17 and P17 @ Dox nanomedicine both had low hemolysis, and P17 @ Dox nanomedicine could effectively inhibit tumor growth and significantly reduce the toxic and side effects of Dox. Molecular docking experiments showed that P17 could effectively interact with the receptor of integrin αvß3. In conclusion, P17 lipopeptide could be used as an excellent drug carrier and play the combined anticancer effect of P17 and anticancer drugs.

Understanding the Activity and Design Principle of Dual-Atom Catalysts Supported on C2N for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions: From Homonuclear to Heteronuclear.

Using large-scale ab initio calculations and taking the two-dimensional C2N monolayer as a substrate, we sampled a large combinatorial space of C2N-supported homonuclear and heteronuclear dual-atom catalysts and built a detailed view of catalytic activity and stability toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The results indicate that regulating combinations of metal pairs could widely tune the catalytic performance. Pd2-, Pt2-, and PdPt-C2N could effectively balance the adsorption strength of intermediates and achieve optimal bifunctional activity. The favorable catalytic performance could also be realized on GaPd-C2N for the ORR and PdRh-C2N for the OER, surpassing corresponding homonuclear counterparts. The thermodynamic and electrochemical stability simulations reveal that these metal pairs can be stably anchored onto the C2N matrix. Multiple-level descriptors, including Gibbs free energy, d-band center, and bonding/antibonding orbital population, are established to track the activity trend and reveal the origin of activity, indicating that catalytic activity is intrinsically governed by the d-band center of metal pairs.

Protein Phosphorylation Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The severity and mortality of sepsis are related to excessive inflammation and cytokine storm. Nevertheless, little is known about why sepsis has a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokine production, which leads to more severe inflammatory damage. METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells have achieved certain results in the treatment of sepsis, but the specific mechanism remains to be further clarified. RESULTS: Therefore, this paper will elaborate on the currently recognized mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of sepsis, the protein phosphorylation mechanism of sepsis inflammatory response, and the possibility that mesenchymal stem cells may block the occurrence and development of sepsis by regulating relevant pathways or protein phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: It provides a novel target for mesenchymal stem cells to prevent intervention or therapeutically block the development of sepsis.

Proteomic and phosphorylated proteomic landscape of injured lung in juvenile septic rats with therapeutic application of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is the most common complication of sepsis. Intravenous injection of HUMSCs can regulate the level of circulating endothelial cytokines and alleviate lung injury in juvenile septic rats. In this study, we performed proteomic and phosphorylated proteomic analysis of lung tissue of juvenile septic rats after Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (HUMSCs) intervention for the first time, and screened the potential proteins and pathways of HUMSCs for therapeutic effect. The 4D proteome quantitative technique was used to quantitatively analyze the lung tissues of septic rats 24 hours (3 biological samples) and 24 hours after HUMSCs intervention (3 biological samples). A total of 213 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins, and 971 phosphorylation sites changed significantly. Based on the public database, we analyzed the functional enrichment of these proteins and phosphorylated proteins. In addition, Tenascin-C may be the key differential protein and ECM receptor interaction pathway may be the main signal pathway by using various algorithms to analyze the protein-protein interaction network. Phosphorylation analysis showed that tight junction pathway was closely related to immune inflammatory reaction, and EGFR interacted most, which may be the key differential phosphorylated protein. Finally, 123 conserved motifs of serine phosphorylation site (pS) and 17 conserved motifs of threonine (pT) phosphorylation sites were identified by motif analysis of phosphorylation sites. Results from proteomics and phosphorylated proteomics, the potential new therapeutic targets of HUMSCs in alleviating lung injury in juvenile septic rats were revealed.