Nanomaterials Modulating the Fate of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Involved in Oral Tissue Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

The critical challenges in repairing oral soft and hard tissue defects are infection control and the recovery of functions. Compared to conventional tissue regeneration methods, nano-bioactive materials have become the optimal materials with excellent physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are a particular type of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with great potential in tissue regeneration and differentiation. This paper presents a review of the application of various nano-bioactive materials for the induction of differentiation of DMSCs in oral and maxillofacial restorations in recent years, outlining the characteristics of DMSCs, detailing the biological regulatory effects of various nano-materials on stem cells and summarizing the material-induced differentiation of DMSCs into multiple types of tissue-induced regeneration strategies. Nanomaterials are different and complementary to each other. These studies are helpful for the development of new nanoscientific research technology and the clinical transformation of tissue reconstruction technology and provide a theoretical basis for the application of nanomaterial-modified dental implants. We extensively searched for papers related to tissue engineering bioactive constructs based on MSCs and nanomaterials in the databases of PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "mesenchymal stem cells", "nanotechnology", "biomaterials", "dentistry" and "tissue regeneration". From 2013 to 2023, we selected approximately 150 articles that align with our philosophy.

Erythropoietin Activates Autophagy to Regulate Apoptosis and Angiogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via the Akt/ERK1/2/BAD Signaling Pathway under Inflammatory Microenvironment.

Background: Angiogenic tissue engineering is a vital problem waiting to be settled for periodontal regeneration. Erythropoietin, a multieffect cytokine, has been reported as a protective factor for cell fate. According to our previous study, erythropoietin has a significantly angiogenic effect on periodontal ligament stem cells. To further explore its potential effects and mechanism, we studied biological behaviors of periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment induced by different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 ng/mL) of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and examined how different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 IU/mL) of erythropoietin changed biological behaviors of periodontal ligament stem cells. Materials and Methods: Cell Counting Kit-8 was used for cell proliferation assay. Annexin V-PI-FITC was used for cell apoptosis through flow cytometry. Matrigel plug was adopted to measure the angiogenic capacity in vitro. RNA sequencing was used to detect the downstream signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to examine mRNA expression level. Western blot and immunofluorescence were applied to testify the protein expression level. Results: Periodontal ligament stem cells upregulated apoptosis and suppressed autophagy and angiogenesis under inflammatory microenvironment. Erythropoietin could activate autophagy to rescue apoptosis and angiogenesis levels of periodontal ligament stem cells through the Akt/Erk1/2/BAD signaling pathway under inflammatory microenvironment. Conclusions: Erythropoietin could protect periodontal ligament stem cells from inflammatory microenvironment, which provided a novel theory for periodontal regeneration.

[Effect of extraction on condylar process position and upper airway in 12-14 years old females with skeletal Class â ¡ high angle].

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of extraction on condylar process position and upper airway in 12-14 years old females with skeletal ClassⅡhigh angle. METHODS: Twenty seven 12-14 years old females with skeletal ClassⅡhigh angle (experimental group) and 30 physical examinees without malocclusion (control group) in Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University from January 2016 and June 2017 were enrolled. All patients received cone-beam CT (CBCT) examinations. Mimics 20.0 was used to process the data. The changes of the condylar process position and upper airway were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: Before treatment, patients in the experimental group had higher Sa as well as lower Sp than those of the control group (P<0.05), but with no difference in Su between 2 groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, Sa was decreased in the experimental group (P<0.05), but no change was observed in Sp and Su(P>0.05). After treatment, the joint space indexes were increased in the experimental group (P<0.05). Before treatment, the V total, V tongue, V mouth, and SMIN in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, V nose, V palate, V larynx, APTE, APHP and APSP in the experimental group showed no difference with those of the control group (P>0.05). V nose, V larynx, APHP and APTE showed no difference before and after treatment within the experimental group (P>0.05). After treatment, the V total, V tongue, V palate, V mouth, SMIN and APSP in the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Extraction treatment can widen the airway, suggesting that there may be a certain correlation between the changes of condyle position and upper airway volume.