ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inhibiting Aurora-B on osteosarcoma (OS) cell malignant phenotype, phosphorylation of valosin-containing protein (VCP), and the activity of NF-κB signaling in vitro. The expressions of Aurora-B and p-VCP proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry in 24 OS tissues, and the relationship between Aurora-B and p-VCP was investigated. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between Aurora-B and p-VCP proteins. The expression of Aurora-B in human OS cell lines U2-OS and HOS cells was inhibited by specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus (AURKB-shRNA lentivirus, Lv-shAURKB) which targeted Aurora-B. The results showed that the phosphorylation of VCP, the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway and the malignant phenotype of OS cells were all suppressed by knockdown of Aurora-B. It indicated that the inhibition of Aurora-B alters OS cells malignant phenotype by downregulating phosphorylation of VCP and activating of the NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro.
Subject(s)
Adenosine Triphosphatases/biosynthesis , Aurora Kinase B/genetics , Bone Neoplasms/genetics , Cell Cycle Proteins/biosynthesis , NF-kappa B/genetics , Osteosarcoma/genetics , Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics , Apoptosis/genetics , Aurora Kinase B/biosynthesis , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Humans , Osteosarcoma/pathology , Phosphorylation , Signal Transduction/genetics , Valosin Containing ProteinABSTRACT
Increasing evidences reveal that Aurora-B may be involved in metastasis of malignant tumor. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Aurora-B on invasion and migration of OS cells and the activity of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. The expression of Aurora-B and p-Akt (Ser473) proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry in OS tissues from 24 patients with pulmonary metastatic disease, and the relationship between Aurora-B and p-Akt was investigated. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between Aurora-B and p-Akt protein expression. Furthermore, we down-regulated the expression of Aurora-B through a recombinant lentivirus (Lv-shAURKB). Migration and invasion of cells were investigated by wound healing and transwell invasion assays. Results showed that silencing Aurora-B inhibited cell migratory and invasive ability of OS cells in vitro. Finally, knockdown of Aurora-B suppresses the activity of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in OS cells. Our results indicated that knockdown of Aurora-B suppresses OS cells migratory and invasive ability via modulating the "PI3K/Akt/NF-κB" signaling pathway in vitro. The Aurora-B blocker may be a new therapeutic strategy in OS management.
Subject(s)
Aurora Kinase B/metabolism , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Movement , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Osteosarcoma/pathology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Blotting, Western , Bone Neoplasms/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/physiology , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology , Osteosarcoma/metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Signal Transduction/physiologyABSTRACT
Due to the similarities between mammoth ivory ornaments and modern elephant ivory ones in the market, the spectral properties of the two kinds of ivories were analyzed and compared in the present paper through the gemological tests, infrared spectrum and X-ray powder diffraction, etc. The research found that the refractive index and specific gravity of the two ivories are very similar. The refractive index of mammoth ivory is 1.52-1.53 whereas that of elephant ivory is 1.54-1.55. The specific gravity of mammoth ivory is 1.77 and that of elephant ivory is 1.72. It should be careful that Schreger angles are used to distinguish the two kinds of ivories, because the angles of inner and middle layers in the two kinds of tusks are similar except the angles of elephant tusk out-layers are larger than those of mammoth (The Schreger angle of the sample mammoth ivory belonging to out-layer tusks is 100 degrees nd that of elephant ivory is 115 degrees). In addition, the out-layer Schreger angles of Asian elephants are normally less than 120 degrees, while those of Africa elephants are bigger than 120 degrees (This can be used to identify Asian and Africa elephant ivories). The infrared spectroscopy test shows that the water-molecule-related absorption peaks of 3319, 1642 and 1557 cm(-1) are more obvious in the modern elephant ivory samples than in the mammoth ivory samples; the collagen-related absorption peaks of 2927and 2855 cm(-1) are obvious in the modern elephant ivory but extremely weak in the mammoth ivory. The results indicate that collagen and crystallized water in mammoth ivory reduced to a very low level after having been buried for a long period. X-ray powder diffraction results show that the diffraction peak splits of mammoth ivories are more obvious and sharp than that of elephant ivories, which means hydroxyapatites crystallized better despite being buried for thousands of years. Hence, it is an important reference for identifying the two kinds of ivories that the ivory organic matter was losing and inorganic matter crystallized better at same time after having been buried.
