Machine learning-based nomogram to predict poor response to overnight orthokeratology in Chinese myopic children: A multicentre, retrospective study.

PURPOSE: To develop and validate an effective nomogram for predicting poor response to orthokeratology. METHODS: Myopic children (aged 8-15 years) treated with orthokeratology between February 2018 and January 2022 were screened in four hospitals of different tiers (i.e. municipal and provincial) in China. Potential predictors included 32 baseline clinical variables. Nomogram for the outcome (1-year axial elongation ≥0.20 mm: poor response; <0.20 mm: good response) was computed from a logistic regression model with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College were randomly assigned (7:3) to the training and validation cohorts. An external cohort from three independent multicentre was used for the model test. Model performance was assessed by discrimination (the area under curve, AUC), calibration (calibration plots) and utility (decision curve analysis). RESULTS: Between January 2022 and March 2023, 1183 eligible subjects were screened from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, then randomly divided into training (n = 831) and validation (n = 352) cohorts. A total of 405 eligible subjects were screened in the external cohort. Predictors included in the nomogram were baseline age, spherical equivalent, axial length, pupil diameter, surface asymmetry index and parental myopia (p < 0.05). This nomogram demonstrated excellent calibration, clinical net benefit and discrimination, with the AUC of 0.871 (95% CI 0.847-0.894), 0.863 (0.826-0.901) and 0.817 (0.777-0.857) in the training, validation and external cohorts, respectively. An online calculator was generated for free access (http://39.96.75.172:8182/#/nomogram). CONCLUSION: The nomogram provides accurate individual prediction of poor response to overnight orthokeratology in Chinese myopic children.

One-year results for myopia control of orthokeratology with different back optic zone diameters: a randomized trial using a novel multispectral-based topographer.

AIM: To present the 1-year results of a prospective cohort study investigating the efficacy, potential mechanism, and safety of orthokeratology (ortho-k) with different back optic zone diameters (BOZD) for myopia control in children. METHODS: This randomized clinical study was performed between Dec. 2020 and Dec. 2021. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups wearing ortho-k: 5 mm BOZD (5-MM group), 5.5 mm BOZD (5.5-MM group), and 6 mm BOZD (6-MM group). The 1-year data were recorded, including axial length, relative peripheral refraction (RPR, measured by multispectral refractive topography, MRT), and visual quality. The contrast sensitivity (CS) was evaluated by CSV-1000 instrument with spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles/degree (c/d); the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were measured by iTrace aberration analyzer. The one-way ANOVA was performed to assess the differences between the three groups. The correlation between the change in AL and RPR was calculated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The 1-year results of 20, 21, and 21 subjects in the 5-MM, 5.5-MM, and 6-MM groups, respectively, were presented. There were no statistical differences in baseline age, sex, or ocular parameters between the three groups (all P>0.05). At the 1-year visit, the 5-MM group had lower axial elongation than the 6-MM group (0.07±0.09 vs 0.18±0.11 mm, P=0.001). The 5-MM group had more myopic total RPR (TRPR, P=0.014), with RPR in the 15°-30° (RPR 15-30, P=0.015), 30°-45° (RPR 30-45, P=0.011), temporal (RPR-T, P=0.008), and nasal area (RPR-N, P<0.001) than the 6-MM group. RPR 15-30 in the 5.5-MM group was more myopic than that in the 6-MM group (P=0.002), and RPR-N in the 5-MM group was more myopic than that in the 5.5-MM group (P<0.001). There were positive correlations between the axial elongation and the change in TRPR (r=0.756, P<0.001), RPR 15-30 (r=0.364, P=0.004), RPR 30-45 (r=0.306, P=0.016), and RPR-N (r=0.253, P=0.047). The CS decreased at 3 c/d (P<0.001), and the corneal HOAs increased in the 5-MM group (P=0.030). CONCLUSION: Ortho-k with 5 mm BOZD can control myopia progression more effectively. The mechanism may be associated with greater myopic shifts in RPR.

Evaluation of the Mechanism of Action of Rosemary Volatile Oil in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Using Gas Chromatography -mass Spectrometry Analysis and Network Pharmacology.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the active components and mechanism of action of rosemary volatile oil for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) using network pharmacology. METHODS: We obtained the constituents of the rosemary volatile oil by searching Chinese herbal systemic pharmacological databases and analytical platforms and constructed the constituent-target networks by predicting and screening the action targets of the rosemary volatile oil constituents using SwissTargetPrediction, metaTarFisher, and Pubchem. We obtained the AD-related targets using the Genecards, OMIM, and DisGeNET databases and constructed the protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) using the STRING database in Venny 2.1.0 graph to identify the cross-targets by screening the core-acting targets. Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used to construct a componenttarget- pathway network to screen the potential active components of the rosemary volatile oil for the treatment of AD and predict the mechanism of action of the rosemary volatile oil for the treatment of AD in combination with existing pharmacological studies. We performed a gene ontology (GO) biological process and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the targets of the rosemary volatile oil for the treatment of AD using R language and molecular docking using Discovery Studio 4.0 software to validate their biological activities. RESULTS: A network constructed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified 26 potentially active ingredients in the rosemary volatile oil. We retrieved a total of 10762 AD targets from Genecards and other databases. Our GO enrichment analysis yielded 39 entries (P < 0.05), including 14 entries for biological processes, five entries for cellular composition, and 20 entries for molecular function. A total of 14 entries (P < 0.05) were then enriched in the KEGG pathway that primarily involved the IL-17 signaling pathway and the AGE-RAGE pathway. CONCLUSION: The active components of rosemary volatile oil had good inhibition of the inflammatory response. This study provides a reference and guidance for the in-depth study on rosemary volatile oil for the treatment of AD.

6',7'-Dimeth-oxy-1',2'-dihydro-spiro-[cyclo-hexane-1,2'-quinazolin]-4'(3'H)-one.

In the title compound, C(15)H(20)N(2)O(3), prepared from the reaction of 2-amino-4,5-dimeth-oxy-benzonitrile and cyclo-hexa-none, the six-membered diaza ring assumes an envelope conformation. In the crystal, inversion dimers are formed by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Futher N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the dimers into a two-dimensional structure parallel to (001).