ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, carcass traits, and fat deposition in white-feather broiler chickens. METHODS: A total of 480 male one-day-old white-feather broiler chickens were selected randomly and divided into four groups with six replicates of 20 chickens in each. The experimental chickens were fed diets including 3%, 6%, or 9% FCSM fermented by Candida tropicalis until 42 days old. In the experiment, the chickens of the control group were fed soybean meal. RESULTS: FCSM supplementation linearly decreased the feed conversion ratio from d 15 to 21 and d 36 to 42, respectively (p<0.05). The percentage of carcass and semi-eviscerate increased in response to dietary FCSM supplementation at d 21 (p<0.05). The percentage of eviscerated and semi-eviscerate of 3FCSM was higher than that in other groups at d 35 (p<0.05). At the age of 42 d, the percentage of carcass increased in a quadratic way among increasing FCSM in diets (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat thickness linearly decreased with the increasing levels of FCSM at d 21 (p<0.05). Gompertz and Logistic functions provided a better fit on abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat, respectively. The best fitted equation predicted that the maximum growth rate of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness occurred at d 28. FCSM had no significant effects on the shape of growth curve of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness, but reduced the height of the curve. Birds receiving the 6FCSM diet for 21 d had smaller adipocyte surface and lower serum glucose as well as triglyceride concentration. CONCLUSION: FCSM is beneficial for broiler chickens as it positively affects their growth and carcass in addition to altering their fat deposition.
ABSTRACT
Schisanpropinoic acid (1), a new bergamotane sesquiterpenoid, and schisanpropinin (2), a new tetrahydrofuran lignan with a rare epoxyethane unit, were identified from the stems and leaves of Schisandra propinqua var. propinqua. Their structures were determined based on comprehensive spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X-ray analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their cytotoxic activity against five human tumor cell lines.
ABSTRACT
Sixteen dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, including eight new ones, kadheterins A-H (1-8), and a new natural product, 9-benzoyloxy-gomisin B (9), were isolated from the stems of K. heteroclita. The structures of 1-9 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, and their absolute configurations were determined by combining CD with ROESY experiments. Additionally, the absolute configuration of 1 was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. In vitro activity assays showed that 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60 with IC50 value at 14.59µM.
Subject(s)
Cyclooctanes/chemistry , Kadsura/chemistry , Lignans/chemistry , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Cyclooctanes/isolation & purification , HL-60 Cells , Humans , Lignans/isolation & purification , Macrophages/drug effects , Mice , Molecular Structure , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Plant Stems/chemistry , RAW 264.7 CellsABSTRACT
Four new triterpenoids, propindilactone T (1), propindilactone U (2), changnanic acid 3-methyl ester (3) and schipropinic. acid (4), together with five known ones (5-9), were isolated and identified from the stems and leaves of Schisandra propinqua var. propinqua; their structures were determined based on spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Compounds 1, 2, and 4-9 were tested for their cytotoxic activities against five human tumor cell lines; all were inactive except for 8, which showed weak activity against some of the cell lines.
Subject(s)
Schisandra/chemistry , Triterpenes/chemistry , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Plant StemsABSTRACT
Two new 18-norschiartane-type schinortriterpenoids, namely wuwezidilactones Q (1) and R (2) were isolated from the stems of Schisandra lancifolia. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were further determined by ROESY and an empirical comparison of their experimental ECD spectra with literature.
