Subject(s)
Bezoars/diagnosis , Bezoars/therapy , Intestine, Small , Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Female , Humans , Lithotripsy , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chronic active Esptein-Barr virus (CAEBV) enteritis if rarely observed in immunocompetent patients and can be often misdiagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease. CASE: We hereby present a case of CAEBV enteritis diagnosed with double-balloon enteroscopy and EBER in-situ hybridization. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the clinical presentation and diagnosis of CAEBV enteritis and highlights the importance of early recognition of the disease.
Subject(s)
Enteritis/diagnostic imaging , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnostic imaging , Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification , Chronic Disease , Diagnostic Errors , Double-Balloon Enteroscopy , Enteritis/pathology , Enteritis/virology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology , Humans , Male , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Cholestyramine (CHO), as a bile acid sequestering exchange resin, has been widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this study was to explore how CHO regulated serum cholesterol amounts and bile acid levels in animal models. METHODS: New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to the control (given distilled water) and CHO-treated (given CHO solution 1 g/kg per day for 2 weeks) groups. To assess bile acid pool size, bile fistulas were constructed in five rabbits in each group. Serum cholesterol levels and biliary and fecal bile outputs were determined. Liver cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase ( CYP7A1 ), small heterodimer partner ( SHP ), bile salt export pump ( BSEP ), ileal bile acid-binding protein ( IBABP ) and LDL receptor ( LDL-R ) mRNA expressions were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. CYP7A1 activity was also determined. RESULTS: CHO treatment decreased serum cholesterol levels by 12.1%. Although CHO did not change the bile acid pool size and biliary bile acid output, it significantly increased fecal bile acid output. Interestingly, CHO also significantly increased the expression and activity of CYP7A1, as well as IBABP and LDL-R mRNA expressions, but decreased hepatic SHP and BSEP gene expressions. CONCLUSION: CHO markedly alters bile acid and cholesterol amounts in rabbit intestinal and liver tissues, downregulating genes responsible for cholesterol homeostasis.
Subject(s)
Anion Exchange Resins/pharmacology , Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism , Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism , Cholesterol/blood , Cholestyramine Resin/pharmacology , Gene Expression/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics , Animals , Bile Acids and Salts/analysis , Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics , Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/genetics , Feces/chemistry , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Male , Rabbits , Random Allocation , Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics , Receptors, LDL/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether daunorubicin (DNR) combined with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and DNR alone have similar effect on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line NB4 and acute myeloblastic leukemia cell line HL-60 in vitro. METHODS: Cell morphology, cells viability, and cell apoptosis (Annexin-V by flow cytometry assay) were analysed. RESULTS: After incubation with DNR plus Ara-C for 24 hours,NB4 cell viability [(36.75 +/- 3.82)%] (n = 6) and cell apoptosis rate [(21.24 +/- 5.82)%] (n = 3) did not change significantly compared to that treated with DNR alone for 24 hours [(35.73 + 6.28 )%, (22.55 +/- 3.26)%, respectively] (P > 0.05). However, HL-60 cell viability [(67.17 +/- 2.07)%] and cell apoptosis rate [(48.05 +/- 0.92)%] changed significantly in DNR plus Ara-C group compared with DNR alone [(63.31 +/- 1.80)% ,(41.51 +/- 0.89)%, respectively] (P < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: DNR plus Ara-C and DNR alone have similar effect on NB4 cells, but have different effect on HL-60 cells.
