Neurodevelopmental assessment of normocephalic children born to Zika virus exposed and unexposed pregnant people.

BACKGROUND: Studies examining the association between in utero Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure and child neurodevelopmental outcomes have produced varied results. METHODS: We aimed to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes among normocephalic children born from pregnant people enrolled in the Zika in Pregnancy in Honduras (ZIPH) cohort study, July-December 2016. Enrollment occurred during the first prenatal visit. Exposure was defined as prenatal ZIKV IgM and/or ZIKV RNA result at enrollment. Normocephalic children, >6 months old, were selected for longitudinal follow-up using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III) and the Ages & Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE-2). RESULTS: One hundred fifty-two children were assessed; after exclusion, 60 were exposed and 72 were unexposed to ZIKV during pregnancy. Twenty children in the exposed group and 21 children in the unexposed group had a composite score <85 in any of the BSID-III domains. Although exposed children had lower cognitive and language scores, differences were not statistically significant. For ASQ:SE-2 assessment, there were not statistically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study found no statistically significant differences in the neurodevelopment of normocephalic children between in utero ZIKV exposed and unexposed. Nevertheless, long-term monitoring of children with in utero ZIKV exposure is warranted. IMPACT: This study found no statistically significant differences in the neurodevelopment in normocephalic children with in utero Zika virus exposure compared to unexposed children, although the exposed group showed lower cognitive and language scores that persisted after adjustment by maternal age and education and after excluding children born preterm and low birth weight from the analysis. Children with prenatal Zika virus exposure, including those normocephalic and have no evidence of abnormalities at birth, should be monitored for neurodevelopmental delays. Follow-up is important to be able to detect developmental abnormalities that might not be detected earlier in life.

Lessons learned from over a decade of data audits in international observational HIV cohorts in Latin America and East Africa.

Introduction: Routine patient care data are increasingly used for biomedical research, but such "secondary use" data have known limitations, including their quality. When leveraging routine care data for observational research, developing audit protocols that can maximize informational return and minimize costs is paramount. Methods: For more than a decade, the Latin America and East Africa regions of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium have been auditing the observational data drawn from participating human immunodeficiency virus clinics. Since our earliest audits, where external auditors used paper forms to record audit findings from paper medical records, we have streamlined our protocols to obtain more efficient and informative audits that keep up with advancing technology while reducing travel obligations and associated costs. Results: We present five key lessons learned from conducting data audits of secondary-use data from resource-limited settings for more than 10 years and share eight recommendations for other consortia looking to implement data quality initiatives. Conclusion: After completing multiple audit cycles in both the Latin America and East Africa regions of the IeDEA consortium, we have established a rich reference for data quality in our cohorts, as well as large, audited analytical datasets that can be used to answer important clinical questions with confidence. By sharing our audit processes and how they have been adapted over time, we hope that others can develop protocols informed by our lessons learned from more than a decade of experience in these large, diverse cohorts.

Integration of HIV care into maternal and child health services in the global IeDEA consortium.

The WHO recommends the integration of routine HIV services within maternal and child health (MCH) services to reduce the fragmentation of and to promote retention in care for pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV (WWH) and their infants and children exposed to HIV (ICEH). During 2020-2021, we surveyed 202 HIV treatment sites across 40 low- and middle-income countries within the global International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium. We determined the proportion of sites providing HIV services integrated within MCH clinics, defined as full [HIV care and antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation in MCH clinic], partial (HIV care or ART initiation in MCH clinic), or no integration. Among sites serving pregnant WWH, 54% were fully and 21% partially integrated, with the highest proportions of fully integrated sites in Southern Africa (80%) and East Africa (76%) compared to 14%-40% in other regions (i.e., Asia-Pacific; the Caribbean, Central and South America Network for HIV Epidemiology; Central Africa; West Africa). Among sites serving postpartum WWH, 51% were fully and 10% partially integrated, with a similar regional integration pattern to sites serving pregnant WWH. Among sites serving ICEH, 56% were fully and 9% were partially integrated, with the highest proportions of fully integrated sites in East Africa (76%), West Africa (58%) and Southern Africa (54%) compared to ≤33% in the other regions. Integration was heterogenous across IeDEA regions and most prevalent in East and Southern Africa. More research is needed to understand this heterogeneity and the impacts of integration on MCH outcomes globally.

Microcephaly Outcomes among Zika Virus-Infected Pregnant Women in Honduras.

The impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection on pregnancies shows regional variation emphasizing the importance of studies in different geographical areas. We conducted a prospective study in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, recruiting 668 pregnant women between July 20, 2016, and December 31, 2016. We performed Trioplex real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (rRT-PCR) in 357 serum samples taken at the first prenatal visit. The presence of ZIKV was confirmed in seven pregnancies (7/357, 2.0%). Nine babies (1.6%) had microcephaly (head circumference more than two SDs below the mean), including two (0.3%) with severe microcephaly (head circumference [HC] more than three SDs below the mean). The mothers of both babies with severe microcephaly had evidence of ZIKV infection. A positive ZIKV Trioplex rRT-PCR was associated with a 33.3% (95% CI: 4.3-77.7%) risk of HC more than three SDs below the mean.

Outcomes After Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children Living With HIV in Latin America.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the long-term outcomes of children living with HIV in Latin America. Few studies have examined antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen switches in the years after the introduction of ART in this population. This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes among children who started second-line ART in the Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology. METHODS: Children (<18 years old) with HIV who switched to second-line ART at sites within Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology were included. The cumulative incidence and relative hazards of virologic failure while on second-line ART, loss to follow-up, additional major ART regimen changes, and all-cause mortality were evaluated using competing risks methods and Cox models. RESULTS: A total of 672 children starting second-line ART were included. Three years after starting second-line ART, the cumulative incidence of death was 0.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08 to 0.13], loss to follow-up was 0.14 (95% CI: 0.11 to 0.17), and major regimen change was 0.19 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.22). Of those changing regimens, 35% were due to failure and 11% due to toxicities/side effects. Among the 312 children with viral load data, the cumulative incidence of virologic failure at 3 years was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.56 to 0.68); time to virologic failure and regimen change were uncorrelated (rank correlation -0.001; 95% CI -0.18 to 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: Poor outcomes after starting second-line ART in Latin America were common. The high incidence of virologic failure and its poor correlation with changing regimens was particularly worrisome. Additional efforts are needed to ensure children receive optimal ART regimens.

Improving Methods to Classify Perinatal versus Nonperinatal HIV Acquisition in Young Adolescents 10-14 Years of Age.

Mode of HIV acquisition for adolescents with HIV is often not recorded within routine healthcare databases. Hence, age at enrollment in HIV care is often used as a proxy for perinatal versus nonperinatal infection. Using routine cohort data from adolescents presenting for HIV care 10-14 years of age, we developed logistic regression models to predict likely mode of infection.

Self-audits as alternatives to travel-audits for improving data quality in the Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology.

INTRODUCTION: Audits play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of observational cohort data. While previous work has validated the audit process, sending trained auditors to sites ("travel-audits") can be costly. We investigate the efficacy of training sites to conduct "self-audits." METHODS: In 2017, eight research groups in the Caribbean, Central, and South America network for HIV Epidemiology each audited a subset of their patient records randomly selected by the data coordinating center at Vanderbilt. Designated investigators at each site compared abstracted research data to the original clinical source documents and captured audit findings electronically. Additionally, two Vanderbilt investigators performed on-site travel-audits at three randomly selected sites (one adult and two pediatric) in late summer 2017. RESULTS: Self- and travel-auditors, respectively, reported that 93% and 92% of 8919 data entries, captured across 28 unique clinical variables on 65 patients, were entered correctly. Across all entries, 8409 (94%) received the same assessment from self- and travel-auditors (7988 correct and 421 incorrect). Of 421 entries mutually assessed as "incorrect," 304 (82%) were corrected by both self- and travel-auditors and 250 of these (72%) received the same corrections. Reason for changing antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, ART end date, viral load value, CD4%, and HIV diagnosis date had the most mismatched corrections. CONCLUSIONS: With similar overall error rates, findings suggest that data audits conducted by trained local investigators could provide an alternative to on-site audits by external auditors to ensure continued data quality. However, discrepancies observed between corrections illustrate challenges in determining correct values even with audits.

Guidance Statement for the Management of Febrile Neutropenia in Pediatric Patients Receiving Cancer-Directed Therapy in Central America and the Caribbean.

PURPOSE: Our objective was to provide regionally appropriate, resource-conscious recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia. METHODS: A multinational panel of Central American and Caribbean clinicians who deliver pediatric oncology care prioritized clinically important questions and then used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to provide recommendations on the selected topics. RESULTS: Twenty-two questions and 2 definitions were included in the guideline, which was intended to establish minimum care standards for pediatric patients treated in regional centers. Of all the included studies, 6.9% were conducted in low- and middle-income countries, and no studies were performed in countries represented on the panel. CONCLUSION: The panel made recommendations on the basis of existing evidence but identified important gaps in knowledge from the region and from resource-limited settings that may affect the clinical applicability of these recommendations. These deficiencies suggest a research agenda that will enable future guidelines to be more responsive to the local context.

Triple versus monoterapia antibiótica en apendicitis complicada: ensayo clínico abierto, Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social, Tegucigalpa / Triple versus antibiotic monotherapy in complicated appendicitis: open clinical trial, Honduran Social Security Institute, Tegucigalpa

Antecedentes: En Honduras no se dispone de evidencia publicada sobre diferencias en eicacia de esquemas terapéuticos basados en antibióticos para el manejo post-quirúrgico para apendicitis aguda complicada en niños. Objetivo: Determinar la eicacia y seguridad de triple versus monoterapia antibiótica en pacientes pediátricos con apendicitis aguda complicada, Hospital de Especialidades, Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social (IHSS), Tegucigalpa, 2011-2013. Métodos: Ensayo clínico abierto, dos esquemas terapéuticos: Triple Terapia (Ampicilina+Amikacina+Clindamicina, GrupoTT) y Ertapenem (GrupoE) durante 7 días. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda complicada y sometidos a apendicectomía abierta. Los pacientes fueron evaluados en Consulta Externa, 7 días post-quirúrgicos. Se obtuvo aprobación por Comité de Etica en Investigación IHSS. Se utilizó prueba Chi-cuadrado, Riesgo Relativo, intervalo de conianza de 95% y valor de p<0.05 para determinar diferencias entre grupos. Resultados: Seincluyeron 58 pacientes en GrupoTT y 29 en Grupo E, edad media fue 7.3 años (IC95% 6.7-7.9) GrupoTT y 8 años (IC95% 7-9) GrupoE. La evolución promedio del cuadro clínico fue 31.6 horas GrupoTT y 43.8 horas GrupoE (p=0.034). No se encontró diferencias signiicativas respecto a efectos adversos de importancia clínica, complicaciones postoperatorias, estancia intrahospitalaria en días, o necesidad de readmisión por recurrencia/complicación posterior al alta. Discusión: La monoterapia con ertapenem presentó similar eicacia y seguridad que la triple terapia con Ampicilina+Amikacina+Clindamicina empleada actualmente en el tratamiento del paciente pediátrico con apendicitis complicada. El estudio está limitado por que los dos grupos de estudio fueron diferentes en la evolución de la enfermedad...(AU)

Epidemiología del dengue en Centroamérica y República Dominicana / Epidemiology of dengue in Central America and the Dominican Republic

Resumen Introducción: Centroamérica experimenta una alta carga de la enfermedad por dengue aportando cerca de 8% de todos los casos del continente. Este trabajo reporta la epidemiología del dengue en la subregión en un período de 10 años. Objetivos: Documentar la epidemiología del dengue en Centro América y República Dominicana. Material y Métodos: Período de estudio: años 2005-2014. Se recopilaron y analizaron los datos de casos y muertes por dengue de los países de Centro América y República Dominicana, reportados por los Ministerios de Salud y se corroboró con los datos publicados en los boletines en línea y la base de datos interactiva de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Se obtuvieron estadísticas poblacionales de los Institutos Nacionales de Estadística y Censo de cada país. Resultados: Durante el período de estudio fueron notificados 1.118.464 casos de dengue. Reportados 32.431 casos graves, 888 personas fallecidas. La letalidad por caso de dengue fue en promedio 0,08%. Los cuatro serotipos de dengue circularon durante el decenio estudiado. Discusión: La información clínica y epidemiológica, indica tasas de incidencia alta, que han fluctuado en los últimos años, con co-circulación significativa de varios serotipos a la vez. Conclusiones: Se identificaron diferencias notorias en la recolección de datos de la vigilancia entre países. Se determinó un patrón epidemiológico heterogéneo.

Background: Central America experiences a high burden of dengue reporting about 8% of all cases in the continent. This work reports the epidemiology of dengue in the sub region in a 10 years period. Aim: To describe the epidemiology of dengue in Central America and the Dominican Republic. Methods: Study period from 2005 to 2014. The data on dengue cases and deaths of the countries of Central America and the Dominican Republic, reported by the Ministries of Health, were compiled and analyzed and corroborated with the data published in the online bulletins and the interactive database of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Population statistics were obtained from the National Statistics and Census Institutes of each country. Results: During the study period, 1,118,464 cases of dengue were notified. There were 32,431 serious cases reported, 888 people died. The lethality per case of dengue was on average 0.08%. The four dengue serotypes circulated during the decade analyzed. Discussion: Clinical and epidemiological information indicates high incidence rates, which have fluctuated in recent years, with significant co-circulation of several serotypes at the same time. Conclusions: Notorious surveillance data collection differences were identified between countries, determining a heterologous epidemiological pattern.

[Epidemiology of dengue in Central America and the Dominican Republic]. / Epidemiología del dengue en Centroamérica y República Dominicana.

BACKGROUND: Central America experiences a high burden of dengue reporting about 8% of all cases in the continent. This work reports the epidemiology of dengue in the sub region in a 10 years period. AIM: To describe the epidemiology of dengue in Central America and the Dominican Republic. METHODS: Study period from 2005 to 2014. The data on dengue cases and deaths of the countries of Central America and the Dominican Republic, reported by the Ministries of Health, were compiled and analyzed and corroborated with the data published in the online bulletins and the interactive database of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Population statistics were obtained from the National Statistics and Census Institutes of each country. RESULTS: During the study period, 1,118,464 cases of dengue were notified. There were 32,431 serious cases reported, 888 people died. The lethality per case of dengue was on average 0.08%. The four dengue serotypes circulated during the decade analyzed. DISCUSSION: Clinical and epidemiological information indicates high incidence rates, which have fluctuated in recent years, with significant co-circulation of several serotypes at the same time. CONCLUSIONS: Notorious surveillance data collection differences were identified between countries, determining a heterologous epidemiological pattern.

Sex-based differences in antiretroviral therapy initiation, switching and treatment interruptions: global overview from the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA).

INTRODUCTION: In 2015, the World Health Organization recommended that all HIV-infected individuals consider ART initiation as soon as possible after diagnosis. Sex differences in choice of initial ART regimen, indications for switching, time to switching and choice of second-line regimens have not been well described. The aims of this study were to describe first-line ART and CD4 count at ART initiation by sex, calendar year and region, and to analyse time to change or interruption in first-line ART, according to sex in each region. METHODS: Participating cohorts included: Southern, East and West Africa (IeDEA-Africa), North America (NA-ACCORD), Caribbean, Central/South America (CCASAnet) and Asia-Pacific including Australia (IeDEA Asia-Pacific). The primary outcomes analysed for each region and according to sex were choice of initial ART, time to switching and time to discontinuation of the first-line regimen. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The combined cohort data set comprised of 715,252 participants across seven regions from low- to high-income settings. The median CD4 count at treatment initiation was lower in men compared with women in nearly all regions and time periods. Women from North America and Southern Africa were more likely to switch ART compared to men (p < 0.001) with approximately 90% of women reporting a major change after 10 years in North America. Overall, after 8 years on ART, >50% of HIV- positive men and women from Southern Africa, East Africa, South and Central America remained on their original regimen. Men were more likely to have a treatment interruption compared with women in low- and middle-income countries from the Asia/Pacific region (p < 0.001) as were men from Southern Africa (p < 0.001). Greater than 75% of men and women did not report a treatment interruption after 10 years on ART from all regions except North America and Southern Africa. CONCLUSIONS: There are regional variations in the ART regimen commenced at baseline and rates of major change and treatment interruption according to sex. Some of this is likely to reflect changes in local and international antiretroviral guideline recommendations but other sex-specific factors such as pregnancy may contribute to these differences.

Mortality in Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Initiating Treatment: A Six-Cohort Study in Latin America.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the risks of and factors associated with mortality, loss to follow-up, and changing regimens after children with HIV infected perinatally initiate combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Latin America and the Caribbean. STUDY DESIGN: This 1997-2013 retrospective cohort study included 1174 antiretroviral therapy-naïve, perinatally infected children who started cART age when they were younger than 18 years of age (median 4.7 years; IQR 1.7-8.8) at 1 of 6 cohorts from Argentina, Brazil, Haiti, and Honduras, within the Caribbean, Central and South America Network for HIV Epidemiology. Median follow-up was 5.6 years (IQR 2.3-9.3). Study outcomes were all-cause mortality, loss to follow-up, and major changes in cART. We used Cox proportional hazards models stratified by site to examine the association between predictors and times to death or changing regimens. RESULTS: Only 52% started cART at younger than 5 years of age; 19% began a protease inhibitor. At cART initiation, median CD4 count was 472 cells/mm3 (IQR 201-902); median CD4% was 16% (IQR 10-23). Probability of death was high in the first year of cART: 0.06 (95% CI 0.04-0.07). Five years after cART initiation, the cumulative mortality incidence was 0.12 (95% CI 0.10-0.14). Cumulative incidences for loss to follow-up and regimen change after 5 years were 0.16 (95% 0.14-0.18) and 0.30 (95% 0.26-0.34), respectively. Younger children had the greatest risk of mortality, whereas older children had the greatest risk of being lost to follow-up or changing regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Innovative clinical and community approaches are needed for quality improvement in the pediatric care of HIV in the Americas.

Vigilancia de infecciones nosocomiales: experiencia en Hospital de especialidades del Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social, 2006-2012 / Surveillance of healthcare associated infections: experience in Hospital de Especialidades

Antecedentes: Las Infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud representan un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, aumentan la morbilidad y mortalidad, ponen en riesgo la vida de los pacientes y aumentan los costos hospitalarios y sociales. Materiales y método: Se realizó estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en Hospital de especialidades del Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social de Tegucigalpa MDC, periodo 2006 a 2012. Se describen los informes del comité de prevención y control de infecciones intrahospitalarias. Resultados: Durante el periodo hubo una tasa de incidencia de 5.2 infecciones nosocomiales por mil días de hospitalización y una prevalencia de 1.8 por cien ingresos. Las infecciones más frecuentes fueron las infecciones de sitio quirúrgico, bacteriemias asociadas a catéter venoso central o periférico y neumonías nosocomiales. En el Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social la vigilancia ha permitido detectar factores de riesgo asociados a infecciones intrahospitalarias y tomar las medidas para disminuir algunas tasas de infecciones, como las infecciones del tracto urinario asociadas a uso de catéter vesical, neumonías asociadas a ventilador mecánico. Conclusiones: El trabajo de vigilancia presentado en este reporte refuerza la importancia que tienen los programas de prevención y control de infecciones nosocomiales para mejorar los indicadores de calidad de atención dentro de las instituciones de salud...

Práctica de lavado de manos en la sala de neonatología del Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Departamento de Santa Bárbara, enero 2010-2011 / Hand hygiene practice in the neonatology ward in the Santa Barbara Integrated Hospital, departament of Santa Barbara, in the period of January 2010-January 2011

El lavado de manos es el procedimiento único y más importante en prevención de la diseminación de infecciones. El cumplimiento de lavado de manos subóptimo en el personal de salud a nivel mundial, rara vez excediendo el 50%, y la alta prevalencia de infecciones nosocomiales son las razones para que la OMS lance iniciativa “ Manos Limpias- Salvan Vidas” Objetivo: Describir la práctica de lavado de manos del servicio de neonatología del Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, con el propósito de contribuir al logro de las metas de la Secretaría de Salud en disminuir las tasas de mortalidad. Material y Métodos: Tipo de estudio no experimental Pre y Post evaluatorio de intervenciones estandarizadas. Muestreo: No probalístico. Muestra: Inicial 17 y final de 16 trabajadores en salud. Se aplicarón 4 instrumentos estandarizados, el primero evaluó los insumos para el lavado de manos, éste se aplicó en un momento al inicio; el segundo evaluó conocimientos sobre lavado de manos, se aplicó en tres momentos al inicio, un mes y dos meses después de intervenir. Resultados: Deficientes insumos del Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado para lograr un lavado de manos oportuno y de calidad. El conocimiento del mismo en el personal fue de 65% inicialmente y de 67% en la medición final. Se observó una mejoría en la técnica de lavado de manos con una medición inicial de 57% y final de 85%. Se calculó la tasa de cumplimiento inicial del 44% con mejoría a 53% al final. Conclusiones: Se encontraron tasas subóptimas de cumplimiento de lavado de manos a pesar de la intervención…

Resistencia antimicrobiana en bacterias aisladas, en el Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social / Antimicrobial resistance in isolated bacteria in the Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social

Introducción. La resistencia de las bacterias a los antimicrobianos es un problema creciente a nivel mundial, produciendo un incremento en los costos hospitalarios y en la morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la sensibilidad a los antibióticos de las bacterias aisladas en el Hospital de Especialidades del Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de la sensibilidad de las bacterias aisladas en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital de Especialidades del Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social de Tegucigalpa, Honduras del 2006 al 2009. Resultados. Se registraron 4,812 aislamientos procedentes de diversas muestras: 986(20.4%) urocultivos,824(17%) hemocultivos , 627(13%) de secreciones varias y de diversas fuentes. Las bacterias Gram negativas fueron las aisladas con mayor frecuencia, siendo las mas comunes Klebsiella pneumoniae, Echerichia coli y Burkholderia cepacia. La Echerichia coli presentó alta resistencia a quinolonas, de 37% a 42%; Pseudomona aeruginosa presentó alta resistencia a cefalosporina de tercera generación y quinolonas, aumentando de 30% en el 2006 a más del 40% en el 2009. Acinetobacter baumanii tiene una alta resistencia a todos los antibióticos incluso a los carbapenémicos. Stafilococcus aureus resistente a meticilina incrementó de 20% en 2007 hasta 36% en el 2009. El primer caso de neumococo resistente a penicilina se documento en el 2009. Discusió. Los resultados demuestran la necesidad de crear políticas a nivel institucional para contener y controlar el aumento de la resistencia antimicrobiana...

Resistencia antimicrobiana en bacterias aisladas, en el Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social / Antimicrobial resistance in isolated bacteria in the Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social

Introducción. La resistencia de las bacterias a los antimicrobianos es un problema creciente a nivel mundial, produciendo un incremento en los costos hospitalarios y en la morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la sensibilidad a los antibióticos de las bacterias aisladas en el Hospital de Especialidades del Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de la sensibilidad de las bacterias aisladas en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital de Especialidades del Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social de Tegucigalpa, Honduras del 2006 al 2009. Resultados. Se registraron 4,812 aislamientos procedentes de diversas muestras: 986(20.4%) urocultivos,824(17%) hemocultivos , 627(13%) de secreciones varias y de diversas fuentes. Las bacterias Gram negativas fueron las aisladas con mayor frecuencia, siendo las mas comunes Klebsiella pneumoniae, Echerichia coli y Burkholderia cepacia. La Echerichia coli presentó alta resistencia a quinolonas, de 37% a 42%; Pseudomona aeruginosa presentó alta resistencia a cefalosporina de tercera generación y quinolonas, aumentando de 30% en el 2006 a más del 40% en el 2009. Acinetobacter baumanii tiene una alta resistencia a todos los antibióticos incluso a los carbapenémicos. Stafilococcus aureus resistente a meticilina incrementó de 20% en 2007 hasta 36% en el 2009. El primer caso de neumococo resistente a penicilina se documento en el 2009. Discusió. Los resultados demuestran la necesidad de crear políticas a nivel institucional para contener y controlar el aumento de la resistencia antimicrobiana...(AU)