[Expression of receptors of estrogens and androgens in the testicular appendices]. / Expresión de receptores de estrógenos y andrógenos en los apéndices testiculares.

INTRODUCTION: The appendices or hidátides of the testicle are structures that are considered an embryonic rest. In testicular hidátide estrogen receivers have been demonstrated but in the epididimys the results vary. Has been theorized that the elevation of the estrogen levels in the puberty can produce an inflammation and torsion of hidátide, nevertheless, in the epididimys in which the estrogen expression is not clear (and also they are twisted) the theory is put in doubt. This controversy takes us to the accomplishment of this work. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective study is made in 20 testicular appendices, of which 7 from the epididimys are extirpated of patients to whom an escrotal exploration is made in the development of surgery of processes of the inguino-escrotal channel (hidroceles, hernias). Optical microscopy and inmunohistoquímical study are analyzed by means of using prediluted monoclonales antibodies, for receivers of estrogens, androgens and proliferative index. The results were proceed and analyzed by means of SPSS statistical program. RESULTS: All hidátides, testicular and from the epididimarys expressed receivers for estrogens without significant difference among them, not existing differences as far as the location of receiving sayings within the three compartments of hidátide. The number of estrogen receivers was in relation to the age of the patient. Only hidátides from the epididimys fundamentally expressed receivers of located androgens and at level of ductus. We have not found significant relation between the proliferative index and the expression of estrogen receivers. The proliferative index was more elevated at level of ductus. CONCLUSIONS: 1) As much the testicular appendices as those from the epididimays expressed receivers of estrogens at level of the three compartments. It makes think about a same embryonic origin, although only the epididimal ones expressed androgen receivers. 2) the observation of estrogen receivers in both types of hidátides, as well as the relation of the number of such with the age of the patient, makes think that the increase of estrogens in the puberty can participate in patogénia of the torsion of these appendices.

[Synchronous prostatic carcinosarcoma: report of 2 cases and review of the literature]. / Carcinosarcoma prostático sincrónico: presentación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVE: Carcinosarcoma of the prostate is a biphasic tumor containing adenocarcinoma and recognisable sarcomatous components. It is a rare neoplasm with less than 40 reported cases. We describe two additional examples showing carcinosarcoma in the initial pathologic material (synchronous presentation). METHODS AND RESULTS: The patients were 71 and 78 year-old, respectively. The primary prostatic tumour in case one was composed of adenocarcinoma admixed with a neoplastic mesenchymal component that displayed foci of chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and angiosarcoma. The adenocarcinoma in the second case was admixed with spindle cell sarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Both patients died of disease after surgery, 3 and 9 months respectively. CONCLUSION: Synchronous carcinosarcoma of the prostate is a highly malignant neoplasm that may need an aggressive therapy.

Carcinosarcoma prostático sincrónico: presentación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Synchronous carcinosarcoma of the prostate: report of two cases and review of the literature

OBJETIVO: El carcinosarcoma prostático es un tumor bifásico que contiene adenocarcinoma y componentes sarcomatosos reconocibles. Es una neoplasia muy poco frecuente, de la que se han comunicado menos de 40 casos. Describimos dos ejemplos adicionales que muestran carcinosarcoma en el primer material anatomopatológico (presentación sincrónica). MÉTODOS Y RESULTADOS: Los pacientes tenían edades de 71 y 78 años. El tumor prostático primario en el Caso 1 estaba constituido por adenocarcinoma mezclado con un componente mesenqui-mal que mostraba focos de condrosarcoma, rabdomiosarcoma y angiosarcoma. El adenocarcinoma en el Caso 2 estaba mezclado con sarcoma fusocelular y condrosarcoma. Ambos pacientes murieron a causa de la enfermedad, tras cirugía, a los 3 y 9 meses respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: El carcinosarcoma prostático sincrónico es una neoplasia altamente maligna que puede precisar una terapia agresiva (AU)

Nuclear volume estimates in prostatic atypical adenomatous hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate nuclear volume estimates by the point-sampled intercepts method in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) as compared with nodular hyperplasia and well-differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of 27 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, whole-mounted radical prostatectomy specimens that contained foci of nodular hyperplasia, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (Gleason pattern 1 and 2). Representative sections were selected for stereologic estimation of volume-weighted mean nuclear volume by the point-sampled intercepts method. On each focus, an average of five fields of vision were systematically chosen. RESULTS: The quantitative results indicate an increase in nuclear volume from nodular hyperplasia (209 +/- 65 micron 3) to AAH (237 +/- 85 micron 3) and prostate adenocarcinoma (436 +/- 106 micron 3). Significant differences were found (F = 39.0, P < .001) with two group comparisons (Scheffe's procedure) between prostate cancer and AAH (P < .001) or nodular hyperplasia (P < .001). The difference between AAH and benign hyperplasia was not signifcant. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that three-dimensional estimates of the nuclear size discriminate AAH and nodular hyperplasia from well-differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma. These findings suggest that AAH is probably a histologic variant of benign prostatic hyperplasia the exact relationship of which to prostatic adenocarcinoma remains to be determined.