ABSTRACT
The diversity of the 5S rDNA fragment among three loach species: Cobitis taenia, C. elongatoides and Sabanejewia aurata was investigated using universal PCR primers for this gene. Three amplification products were obtained: 220 bp length for C. taenia and C. elongatoides, and 330 bp for S. aurata. Two amplicons with the same length (in Cobitis) were digested with TaqI restriction endonuclease. This enzyme found one restriction site T/CGA in the C. elongatoides fragment, while in the case of C. taenia no cleavage effect was observed. On this basis we constructed an easy and cheap method for loach species discrimination. It seems adequate for effective support of conservation initiatives for endangered loaches.
Subject(s)
Cypriniformes/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Genetic Markers , Animals , Base Sequence , Cypriniformes/classification , DNA Primers , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthABSTRACT
The phylogenetic relationships among gudgeons that represent most nominal taxa within Gobio gobio sensu lato were examined by mitochondrial and nuclear genome sequencing. The molecular analyses confirmed the separate generic status of Gobio as a monophyletic group and revealed 15 Eurasian lineages divided into two main clades, the Northern European and the Ponto-Caspian. The validity of eleven nominal taxa as distinct species was confirmed, gudgeons from the Volga River basin were described as a new species G. volgensis, and three revealed phylogenetic lineages were submitted for a comprehensive revision as "species-in-waiting". The species G. gobio showed a wide range extending from the British Isles to the Black Sea coast and overlapped the areas of several other species. Four pure lineages were detected in the middle Danube River basin. The Crimean Peninsula was found to be a region with the occurrence of individuals of hybrid origin. This region will require special investigation to define species participating in hybridization events, and to establish further steps for the conservation of endemic native gudgeon species. A simple diagnostic method, based on different lengths of the PCR products, called "S7indel diagnostics" is presented for further taxonomic investigations in the genus Gobio.
Subject(s)
Cyprinidae/classification , Cyprinidae/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Phylogeny , Animals , Base Sequence , Bayes Theorem , Consensus Sequence , Fish Proteins/genetics , Genetic Markers , Geography , Haplotypes , Introns/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Rivers , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Samples from 37 populations of spined loach (Cobitis) pure species and their hybrid complexes - were examined using gel electrophoresis for the interspecific variability in 27 protein coding loci. Up to now, species-specific and species distinguishing variants in different protein/enzyme loci were found in Cobitis bilineata, C. elongata, C. elongatoides, C. cf. fahirae, C. strumicae, C. taenia, C. tanaitica, and C. turcica. The species-specific differences in the occurrence of such variants were found in 11 loci for these Cobitis species. This allowed us both identification of species and recognition of interspecific hybrids in many complexes. Besides this we were able in many cases of polyploid hybrids to estimate their genomic composition.
Subject(s)
Classification , Cypriniformes/classification , Cypriniformes/genetics , Hybridization, Genetic , Animals , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Ploidies , Population Dynamics , Proteins/analysisABSTRACT
This study identifies of populations of the genus Cobitis from the Slovakian Tisza drainage area, using karyotype, enzyme electrophoresis and flow cytometry. Pure diploid populations of Cobitis elongatoides were found in drainage basins of the Hornád, Slaná and Bodva rivers (5 populations). Species identifity was proven by analysis of genome and allelic composition. A large number of males was in these populations (42.5-60%). The drainage basin of the Bodrog river (3 populations), harbored so-called hybrid diploid-polyploid complexes with basic composition C. 2 elongatoides x 1 tanaitica. If diploid specimens were found, they belonged to C. elongatoides. Apart from triploids, diploids were rarely found in the Ondava and Latorica rivers. In the Bodrog River, tetraploids (C. 3 elongatoides x 1 tanaitica were seldom found beside triploid and diploid individuals. The percentage of males in hybrid complexes was very low (up to 16.2 %).
