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Using the health belief model to predict safer sex intentions of incarcerated youth.

The purpose of this study was to test constructs of an enhanced version of the health belief model (HBM) in predicting juvenile delinquents' safer sex intentions. An accessible sample (n = 452) of incarcerated youth between the ages of 13-18 years from a midwestern state were subjects. HBM constructs were measured with an instrument tested for face, content, and construct validity as well as internal reliability. HBM constructs accounted for 28% of the variance in safer sex intentions. The results of this study support the use of the HBM in understanding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behavior in this population. The implications of these results for theory-based HIV prevention among incarcerated youth are presented.

Preventing HIV Infection Among Juvenile Delinquents: Educational Diagnosis Using the Health Belief Model.

The purpose of this study was to use an enhanced version of the Health Belief Model as a conceptual framework to describe health beliefs and safer sex intentions for HIV prevention educational needs of juvenile delinquents between the ages of thirteen to eighteen years incarcerated in state supported training schools in Ohio. An accessible sample (n = 452) of juvenile delinquents from four of nine institutions was the study population. Juvenile delinquents in this study were at high risk for HIV infection. They reported low rates of safer sex intentions. Rates of perceived barriers to condom use and perceived social barriers to safer sex were high and consistent with low rates of safer sex intention. Rates of self-efficacy for condom use were high but inconsistent with intentions. While a majority of subjects reported self-efficacy for discussion of sexual histories, a larger majority reported low efficacy for disclosing previous high-risk behavior. This suggests that discussion of sexual history with a partner may not be effective in reducing risk among this population. The primary source of information about HIV was the mass media. HIV prevention programs for juvenile delinquents should consider the current health beliefs of this high-risk, hard-to-reach population.

EMG Comparison of Lateral Step-up and Stepping Machine Exercise.

The availability and use of stairstepping machines in both the rehabilitation and fitness industries have seen a significant increase in the last several years. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the electromyographic (EMG) activity levels of the rectus femoris (R), vastus medialis (V), biceps femoris (B), gastrocnemius (G), and semimembranosus/semitendonosus (S) muscles during exercise on a stepping machine and during performance of an 8-in lateral step-up. Eighteen subjects, without prior knee pathology, participated in the study. The root mean square EMG activity was obtained using surface electromyography and normalized to percent of maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Each exercise was broken down into knee flexion and knee extension phases for descriptive purposes. Analysis of variance (p < .05) was used for between exercise comparisons. Mean R and V activity were significantly greater during the lateral step-up exercise. Mean G activity was significantly greater for stepping machine exercise. Both B and S showed no significant mean differences between exercises. The stepping machine, in general, showed decreased activity during the knee extension phase and very little activity during the knee flexion phase when compared to the lateral step-up. The results indicate that exercise on the stepping machine would result in a more conservative rehabilitation approach for strengthening the quadriceps and hamstrings. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1992;16(3):108-113.

New hope for children with Kawasaki disease.

Kawasaki disease is now the most common cause of acquired heart disease in America's children. It is an acute febrile illness that may cause coronary artery aneurysm formation in infected children. The results of a multicenter, randomized trial on the effect of intravenous administration of gamma globulin (IVGG) plus aspirin versus aspirin alone upon coronary aneurysm formation show a decrease in coronary aneurysm formation from the usual 20%-30% to 3%. Administration of IVGG presents some unique challenges for nurses. Also, the pediatric nurse must educate parents and children about this disease to prepare them for discharge and long-term follow-up care.