ABSTRACT
Peculiarities of physical development disorders in 334 children were examined in the course of comparative clinical-laboratory research; all these children consumed drinking water with various nitrates content (11.2±1.1 mg/l and up to 3.14 MPC, i.e. 141 mg/l), in a dose equal up to 9.0 mg/kg of body weight (RfD 1.6 mg/kg). A focus group consisted of 158 children aged from 3 to 10, a control group was made up of 176 children of the same age. Nitrates content in urine taken from children of focus group (49.22±11.69 mg/l) was 2.4 fold higher than the same parameter in control group (20.2±3.13 mg/l, Ñ=0,001). Under exposure to nitrates consumed with drinking water endocrine system diseases were detected 1.7-2.1 fold more frequently, and physical development disorders, 2.5-4.3 fold more frequently, than in control group (Ñ=0.02-0.05). We detected authentic correlation between nitrate excretion with urine and deviations in physical development in children consuming drinking water with nitrogenous compounds content which was higher than MPC; such deviations were ICD: Ð44-Ð46 - mild protein-energy malnutrition, Ð34.4 - excessive height, Ð67.8-Ð66.0 - excessive nutrition, ÐR=2.35, DI=1.22-4.53). Explained variance fraction amounted to 42-75% (R2=0.42-0.75; 64.9≤F≤162.3, Ñ=0.001). Changes in thyroid gland volume were detected 2.4 fold more frequently, and changes in its structure 2.5 fold more frequently, in focus group than in control group (Ñ=0.049). We determined statistically significant correlation between thyroidal disorders and nitrate content in urine (ÐR=3.52; DI=1.73-7,0), with factor contribution level reaching 52% (R2=0.52; F=173.3; Ñ=0.001). We detected that 34% of children from focus group had thyrotrophic hormone level 1.2 fold higher than physiological standard and the same parameter in control group (Ñ=0.02). And also free thyroxin level was near age physiological standard in 23.4% of examined children which was 1.2 fold lower than in control group (p=0.05). The research revealed that methemoglobinemia with tissue respiration abnormalities and disorders in liver enzyme system functioning followed by protein-energy malnutrition (ICD: E44.1-E46), were the most relevant for younger children (under 6 years) and children suffering from functional gastrointestinal pathologies. As for older children (6-10 years) we observed mostly disorders in neuroendocrine regulation, thyroid gland, and antioxidant protection, in them together with somatic development potentiation and growth in weight-height parameters (ICD: Ð66.0-Ð67.8). It has been established that reduced thyroid supply, disorder of tissue respiration and antioxidant balance, and dysregulation of hypophysial-adrenal homeostasis section provide the basis for the formation of disturbances in physical development and endocrine pathology in children being under oral exposure to nitrates.
ABSTRACT
The authors evaluated negative effects of cadmium and arsenic compounds on health of population residing near storage of extraction and processing waste of ore mining and processing enterprise. Hygienic analysis covered quality of ambient air, drinkable water and foods, evaluation of risk factors of lipid metabolism disorders. Clinical and laboratory examination involved 137 children and 99 adults in chronic multi-environmental (ambient air, water, foods) exposure to metals (cadmium and arsenic, HI 1.21-1.29), diagnosed endocrine diseases including lipid metabolism disorders (excessive nutrition and obesity, E67.8-66.0) in adults 1.4 times more, and in children in 1.7-2.2 times more than in the reference group. Direct probable statistically significant cause-effect relationship was established between lipid metabolism disorders and serum levels of cadmium and arsenic (R² = 0,36-0,95; 71,07≤ F ≤2597,94; p< 0,001). In multi-environmental exposure to cadmium and arsenic, reduced index of lipid metabolic disorders risk in adult population exceeds upper limit of low risk level (0,05) at 33 years of age, of high risk level (0,35) - at 58 years of age and very high (0,6) - at 63 years of age.
