ABSTRACT
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is described as a protein that binds to the promoters of specific genes. It controls the expression of functional genes and is also involved in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. A large number of studies have demonstrated that HNF4α is involved in many human malignancies. Abnormal expression of HNF4α is emerging as a critical factor in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, dedifferentiation, and metastasis. In this review, we present emerging insights into the roles of HNF4α in the occurrence, progression, and treatment of cancer; reveal various mechanisms of HNF4α in cancer (e.g., the Wnt/ß-catenin, nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and transforming growth factor ß signaling pathways); and highlight potential clinical uses of HNF4α as a biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.
Subject(s)
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/metabolism , Neoplasms/metabolism , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/genetics , Humans , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
The coexistence of HBV infection and hepatic steatosis is a novel characteristic of liver disease. Silibinin capsules (SC) is a silybin-phospholipid complex containing silybin as the bioactive component, which exerts a remarkable biological effect on various liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population and patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and (2) to evaluate the effect of SC combined with therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) compared with TLC alone on hepatic steatosis in patients with CHB. A total of 16,451 individuals underwent transient elastography (TE) with the control attenuation parameter (CAP) measurement, among which the prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 31.1% in patients with CHB and 42.2% in the general population. The prevalence of hepatic steatosis differed between patients with CHB and the general population at an age of 40 years or older but was similar in individuals aged 39 years or younger (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in patients with CHB presenting hepatic steatosis, the post-6-month relative reduction in CAP in the SC combined with TLC group (p = 0.001) was significantly greater than in the TLC alone group (p = 0.183). The CAP distribution of different steatosis grades (S1, S2, and S3) in the SC combined with TLC group was decreased and S0 (CAP < 248 dB/m) increased significantly, but not significant in the TLC group. Thus, SC combined with TLC may effectively improve hepatic steatosis in patients with CHB.
Subject(s)
Capsules/administration & dosage , Fatty Liver/therapy , Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications , Life Style , Severity of Illness Index , Silybin/administration & dosage , Adult , Fatty Liver/etiology , Fatty Liver/pathology , Female , Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Protective Agents/administration & dosage , ROC Curve , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A combination of sofosbuvir (SOF)+NS5A inhibitor therapies is the main treatment for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype-2 (GT-2) chronic infection, but the data are rarely reported in China. This study aimed to investigate the virological response and liver fibrosis improvement among GT-2 patients receiving SOF+NS5A inhibitors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, patients who received SOF+NS5A inhibitors between March 2016 and July 2017 were recruited. The treatment duration was 12 weeks and the treatment strategies included SOF+daclatasvir, SOF/ledipasvir, and SOF/velpatasvir. The primary endpoint was a sustained virologic response (serum HCV RNA undetectable) at week 12 after the end of therapy and the secondary endpoint was the improvement in liver stiffness and scores of apartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and fibrosis-4. RESULTS: A total of 30 GT-2 patients were enrolled, with 13 (43.3%) patients in SOF+daclatasvir, 13 (43.3%) patients in SOF/ledipasvir, and four (13.3%) patients in SOF/velpatasvir. All patients [30/30 (100%)] achieved SVR, irrespective of treatment regimens and degree of liver fibrosis. After the treatment, liver fibrosis scores of apartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (2.27±2.14 vs. 0.89±0.77, P=0.003) and fibrosis-4 (1.17±1.22 vs. 0.42±0.25, P=0.013) were both significantly lower than those before treatment. CONCLUSION: SOF+NS5A inhibitor therapies may induce an excellent virological response and fibrosis improvement in HCV GT-2-infected patients.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use , Carbamates/therapeutic use , Fluorenes/therapeutic use , Hepacivirus/drug effects , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/therapeutic use , Imidazoles/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Sofosbuvir/therapeutic use , Uridine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Adult , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Benzimidazoles/adverse effects , Carbamates/adverse effects , Drug Combinations , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Fluorenes/adverse effects , Genotype , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepacivirus/metabolism , Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications , Hepatitis C, Chronic/diagnosis , Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology , Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/adverse effects , Humans , Imidazoles/adverse effects , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/virology , Male , Middle Aged , Pyrrolidines , RNA, Viral/blood , RNA, Viral/genetics , Retrospective Studies , Sofosbuvir/adverse effects , Sustained Virologic Response , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Uridine Monophosphate/adverse effects , Uridine Monophosphate/therapeutic use , Valine/analogs & derivatives , Viral Load , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 3 infection with advanced liver disease has emerged as a challenging to treat by direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), but the efficacy of DAAs in Chinese HCV-GT3 patients is rarely reported. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimens in Chinese patients with HCV-GT3 and compensated liver disease. METHODS: This was a registered retrospective study. All patients had completed at least 12 weeks SOF-based regimens therapy (with or without RBV), and were followed up for at least 24 weeks after therapy discontinuation. The primary endpoint was sustained virological response 24 weeks after end of therapy (SVR24). RESULTS: A total of 102 patients who completed at least 12 weeks therapy were finally included, with 57 in SOF + Daclatasvir (SOF + DCV), 24 in SOF + DCV + ribavirin (RBV) and 21 in SOF/Velpatasvir (SOF/VEL). The total SVR24 rate was achieved in 90.20% (92/102), with 85.96% (49/57) in SOF + DCV, 91.67% (22/24) in SOF + DCV + RBV and 100.00% (21/21) in SOF/VEL. Among 10 relapsed patients (8 in SOF + DCV and 2 in SOF + DCV + RBV), the short course (12 weeks) of therapy and no RBV addition may be the leading cause. In this cohort, the SVR24 rate was not statistically different between patients with and without cirrhosis (81.82% [27/33] vs. 94.20% [65/69], P = 0.073). Additionally, both FIB-4 (4.03 vs. 2.08, P < 0.001) and APRI (2.15 vs. 0.68, P < 0.001) scores were significant improved from baseline to week 24 after completion of therapy, regardless of the presence of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: SOF-based regimens are highly effective in viral clearance and fibrosis remission for Chinese patients with HCV-GT3 infection. If available, SOF/VEL should be first considered.
