ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of cellular cholesterol efflux from macrophages in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM), and to determine the expression of CYP7A1, ABCG5, and LXRß therein. We recruited 30 patients with type II DM (including 15 patients complicated with coronary heart disease and 15 patients with DM only) and 15 normal controls for this study. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated for macrophage culture. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP7A1, ABCG5, and LXRß were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The macrophage cholesterol efflux rate was determined with 10% autoserum and standard serum as receptors. We determined that the expression levels of macrophage CYP7A1 mRNA and protein in the type II DM group were significantly lower than those in the control group, but no differences were found in the ABCG5 and LXRß expression levels between the groups. The macrophage cholesterol efflux rate in the patients with type II DM was also significantly decreased compared with that of the normal control subjects (P < 0.01). Furthermore, CYP7A1 mRNA expression and macrophage cholesterol efflux rate were significantly positively correlated. In summary, this study demonstrated that the macrophage cholesterol efflux in patients with type II DM was significantly reduced, and that this reduction was associated with the down-regulation of CYP7A1 expression.
Subject(s)
Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics , Cholesterol/metabolism , Coronary Disease/enzymology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/enzymology , Macrophages/enzymology , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5 , ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics , ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Cells, Cultured , Cholesterol/blood , Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism , Coronary Disease/blood , Coronary Disease/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Down-Regulation , Enzyme Repression , Female , Humans , Lipoproteins/genetics , Lipoproteins/metabolism , Liver X Receptors , Macrophages/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Orphan Nuclear Receptors/genetics , Orphan Nuclear Receptors/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolismABSTRACT
HLA-DQB1*02:57 has one base substitution at position 260 T>C in exon 2 from HLA-DQB1*02:01:01.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Asian People/genetics , HLA-DQ beta-Chains/genetics , Histocompatibility Testing , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Base Sequence , Exons/genetics , Humans , Sequence AlignmentABSTRACT
We examined the hypolipidemic effect of safflower yellow (SY) on hyperlipidemic mice and its influence on the biological synthesis of cholesterol in cells. Over 4 weeks, the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were detected using a kit; mouse liver samples were acquired for paraffin sections, and mouse liver cells were observed under light microscope. Chinese hamster ovary cells were cultured in vitro, and an amphotericin B-cell model was adopted to observe the inhibitory effect of SY on the biological synthesis of intracellular cholesterol. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the survival rate of Chinese hamster ovary cells. The middle and high doses of SY significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of hyperlipidemic mice and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (P < 0.05), and the fatty liver of hyperlipidemic mice was significantly alleviated. SY had a protective effect on Chinese hamster ovary cells following amphotericin B injury (P < 0.01). SY exerts significant hypolipidemic effects and prevents fatty liver in a mechanism associated with inhibition of the biosynthesis of intracellular cholesterol.
Subject(s)
Chalcone/analogs & derivatives , Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy , Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage , Liver/drug effects , Amphotericin B/toxicity , Animals , CHO Cells , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chalcone/administration & dosage , Cholesterol/biosynthesis , Cholesterol/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Hyperlipidemias/chemically induced , Hyperlipidemias/pathology , Liver/metabolism , Mice , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
Compared with HLA-DQB1*03:03:02:01, HLA-DQB1*03:03:08 and DQB1*03:03:13 have 330 G>C and 349 T>C changes, respectively.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Bone Marrow Transplantation , HLA-DQ beta-Chains/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Tissue Donors , Base Sequence , China , Codon , Exons , Gene Expression , HLA-DQ beta-Chains/immunology , Histocompatibility Testing , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence AlignmentABSTRACT
HLA-B*46:01:11 has 219 G>A compared with HLA-B*46:01:01, and HLA-B*51:01:39 shows 561 G>A with HLA-B*51:01:01.
Subject(s)
Alleles , HLA-B Antigens/genetics , HLA-B51 Antigen/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Asian People , Base Sequence , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Exons , Genotype , Histocompatibility Testing , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
The traditional Chinese medicine Artemisia annua can prevent and treat hepatitis following an unclear mechanism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of A. annua polysaccharides (AAP) on hepatitis C virus (HCV). A pcDNA3.1/NS3 expression vector was constructed. Ninety female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: high-dose AAP (1 mg/mL) + HCV/NS3 plasmid; middle-dose AAP (0.5 mg/mL) + HCV/NS3 plasmid; low-dose AAP (0.1 mg/mL) + HCV/NS3 plasmid; HCV/NS3 plasmid; high-dose AAP (1 mg/mL); normal saline control (N = 15). Except the control group and the high-dose AAP group, other groups were inoculated with 50 µg pcDNA3.1-HCV/NS3 plasmid. Serum antigenic-specific antibody was detected after the last immunization, and the levels of secreted IFN-γ and IL-4 were measured. pcDNA3.1/NS3 plasmid was successfully constructed, and the extracted product contained HCV/NS3 sequence. Compared with single inoculation with HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine, the specific antibody levels induced by middle-dose AAP plus HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine were significantly different in weeks 1, 3 and 5 (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the antibody levels induced by high-dose and low-dose AAP as adjuvant compared with those of single inoculation with DNA vaccine (P > 0.05). The level of serum IFN-γ secretion was significantly higher than that of IL-4 secretion. Compared with the single HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine group, AAP plus HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine groups had significant increased IFN-γ levels (P < 0.05), but the IL-4 levels were not significantly different among these groups (P > 0.05). AAP, as the adjuvant of HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine, can widely regulate the humoral immunity and cellular immune function of normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunocompromised mice. AAP can promote IFN-γ secretion probably by inducing Th1-type cellular immune response.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Hepatitis C/prevention & control , Polysaccharides/administration & dosage , Vaccination , Animals , Artemisia annua/chemistry , Artemisia annua/immunology , Female , Hepatitis C/immunology , Hepatitis C/pathology , Humans , Mice , Polysaccharides/immunologyABSTRACT
HLA-DRB1*10:07 shows one nucleotide different from HLA-DRB1*10:01:01 at position 328 in exon 2.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Amino Acid Substitution , Bone Marrow Transplantation , HLA-DRB1 Chains/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Tissue Donors , Base Sequence , China , Codon , Exons , Gene Expression , HLA-DRB1 Chains/immunology , Histocompatibility Testing , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence AlignmentABSTRACT
HLA-C*06:103 shows four nucleotides difference from that of HLA-C*06:02:01:01.
Subject(s)
Genes, MHC Class I , HLA-C Antigens/genetics , Alleles , Base Sequence , China , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Humans , Leukemia/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Homology, Nucleic AcidABSTRACT
HLA-A*32:67 has a single nucleotide difference at position 286 C>A compared with HLA-A*32:01:01.
Subject(s)
Genes, MHC Class I , HLA-A Antigens/genetics , Alleles , Amino Acid Substitution , Base Sequence , Bone Marrow , China , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
HLA-A*02:07:06 shows 285 A>C and HLA-A*02:426 has 763 G>A change compared with HLA-A*02:07:01.
Subject(s)
Genes, MHC Class I , HLA-A Antigens/genetics , Alleles , Bone Marrow , China , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
HLA*02:06:14 differs from HLA-A*02:06:01 by a single nucleotide substitution G > A at position 246.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Exons , HLA-A2 Antigen/genetics , Point Mutation , Asian People , Base Sequence , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Genotype , HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology , Histocompatibility Testing , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
HLA-B*27:105 has one nucleotide change from HLA-B*27:04:01 at nucleotide position 404 from G to A.
Subject(s)
Alleles , HLA-B27 Antigen/genetics , Point Mutation , Tissue Donors , Asian People , Base Sequence , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Exons , Gene Expression , Genetic Loci , Heterozygote , Histocompatibility Testing , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence AlignmentABSTRACT
HLA-C*08:01:10 differs from HLA-C*08:01:01 by a single non-coding change at nucleotide 339 G>A.
Subject(s)
Alleles , HLA-C Antigens/genetics , Leukemia/genetics , Asian People , HumansABSTRACT
HLA-A*11:113 shows one nucleotide difference from HLA-A*11:01:01: HLA-A*11:02:05 shows a single nucleotide difference from HLA-A*11:02:01.
Subject(s)
Alleles , HLA-A Antigens/genetics , Histocompatibility Testing , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
HLA-B*54:29 allele differs from B*54:01:01 at nucleotide position 442 A>C in exon 3.
