[THE SPECTRUM OF MARKERS OF HERPES VIRAL INFECTIONS AND ALGORITHM OF THEIR LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC IN CHILDREN WITH INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES OF UPPER RESPIRATORY WAYS AND ENT-ORGANS].

The purpose of study is to explore markers of persistent herpes viral infections in children with inflammatory processes of upper respiratory ways and ENT-organs. The sampling included 118 examined patients aged from 1 month to 17 years. The complex of standardized viral, immunological, molecular genetic methods was applied to detect (to exclude) herpes infection: cytomegalovirus infection, Epstein-Barre virus infection, simplex herpes virus infection. The diagnostic algorithm of examination of children with diseases of upper respiratory ways for herpes infection is presented. The dominating significance of simplex herpes virus and Epstein-Barre virus and also Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus haemolyticus-ß group A at the analysis of microbial landscape. In 83.9% of children with diseases of upper respiratory ways chronic infections of simplex herpes virus, Epstein-Barre virus, cytomegalovirus; in39.39% - mixed-infection; in 41.03% - combination of simplex herpes virus and Epstein-Barre virus infections; in 33.33% - combination of simplex herpes virus and cytomegalovirus infections; in 7.69% - combination of simplex herpes virus and Epstein-Barre virus and cytomegalovirus infections; in 17.94% - combination of Epstein-Barre virus and cytomegalovirus infections; The particularity of course of persistent herpes infection in children had to do with absence of specific symptoms of nosologic form in 59.2% of cases. The results of analysis of smears from nasopharynx of children infected with herpes viruses permitted to detect: Staphylococcus aureus in 36.36%; Streptococcus haemolyticus-ß in 32.32%; Streptococcus haemolyticus-α in 11.11%; Candida albicans of mucous membranes in 4.04% of children. The viral bacterial mixed-infection was detected in 44.44%. The laboratory signs of activity of immune inflammation were detected: increasing of content of TNАα and decreasing of level of IFNγ. The results of study substantiate necessity of individual approach to therapy of children with diseases of upper respiratory ways and ENT-organs and with implementation of complex of curative rehabilitating activities.The purpose of study is to explore markers of persistent herpes viral infections in children with inflammatory processes of upper respiratory ways and ENT-organs. The sampling included 118 examined patients aged from 1 month to 17 years. The complex of standardized viral, immunological, molecular genetic methods was applied to detect (to exclude) herpes infection: cytomegalovirus infection, Epstein-Barre virus infection, simplex herpes virus infection. The diagnostic algorithm of examination of children with diseases of upper respiratory ways for herpes infection is presented. The dominating significance of simplex herpes virus and Epstein-Barre virus and also Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus haemolyticus-ß group A at the analysis of microbial landscape. In 83.9% of children with diseases of upper respiratory ways chronic infections of simplex herpes virus, Epstein-Barre virus, cytomegalovirus; in39.39% - mixed-infection; in 41.03% - combination of simplex herpes virus and Epstein-Barre virus infections; in 33.33% - combination of simplex herpes virus and cytomegalovirus infections; in 7.69% - combination of simplex herpes virus and Epstein-Barre virus and cytomegalovirus infections; in 17.94% - combination of Epstein-Barre virus and cytomegalovirus infections; The particularity of course of persistent herpes infection in children had to do with absence of specific symptoms of nosologic form in 59.2% of cases. The results of analysis of smears from nasopharynx of children infected with herpes viruses permitted to detect: Staphylococcus aureus in 36.36%; Streptococcus haemolyticus-ß in 32.32%; Streptococcus haemolyticus-α in 11.11%; Candida albicans of mucous membranes in 4.04% of children. The viral bacterial mixed-infection was detected in 44.44%. The laboratory signs of activity of immune inflammation were detected: increasing of content of TNАα and decreasing of level of IFNγ. The results of study substantiate necessity of individual approach to therapy of children with diseases of upper respiratory ways and ENT-organs and with implementation of complex of curative rehabilitating activities.

[Immune signs of activation of the herpes simplex virus in women with physiological pregnancy].

Reactivation of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is frequently observed in women during pregnancy. However, the concomitant changes in the immune system are still insufficiently understood. The goal of this work was to present a comparative analysis intended to identify specific antiviral IgM antibodies and IgG to determine their titles, concentration, and avidity in paired sera of 49 HSV-positive pregnant women without complicated obstetric-gynecological history. The serology results were compared with the quantitative determination in the serum IFNγ, as well as with the level of spontaneous and induced cytokine production by blood lymphocytes. For this purpose, 5.0 ml of blood from a vein was collected in pregnant women (9-11 weeks of gestation). The procedure was repeated in 4 weeks. The nonspecific induction of the IFNγ was performed using phytohemagglutinin (PanEco, Russia). Given the concentration of the immune markers in the samples, such values were evaluated by ELISA using certified commercial kits available from Vector-Best Ltd. (Russia) and Diagnostic System Scientific Manufacturing Association (Russia). IgM antibodies in paired sera had not been detected in any of the 49 women. High-avidity IgG antibodies were detected in all women in the titer 1:50-1:100, but in the second sample of sera from 32 women (study group) antibody titers were found to be as high as 1:600-1:800. The women with no growth of the serum antibodies were included in the control group (n = 17). Comparative analysis of the amount of IFNγ in sera showed that the content of the cytokine in the first blood sample and the level of the spontaneous production in women of the study group were statistically significantly higher than in the control group (4.2 vs. 2.7, p = 0.05; 7.5 vs. 2.0, p = 0.03, respectively). In the blood samples taken after 4 weeks the serum concentration of IFNγ (2.6 vs. 4.2, p = 0.049), and its spontaneous product (4.5 vs. 7.5, p = 0.046) were considerably lower than in the first blood samples. These results demonstrate that the reactivation of the HSV infection occurs in women with normal pregnancy and the lack of complicated obstetric and gynecological history. Increasing the concentration of IFNγ serum levels and spontaneous cytokine production is the earliest sign of acute infection in the women during pregnancy. These changes precede the increase in the IgG antibodies and assume normal values when the level of indirect marker of HSV rises. The lack of the IgM antibodies to the virus is not a strict criterion of inactive infection.

Comparative study on the inhibitory effect of rimantadine on the reproduction of epidemic strains of influenza A virus H3N2 and H1N1.

The sensitivity to rimantadine of the reproduction of influenza virus A/Texas/1/77 (H3N2) and A (H1N1) isolates Nos 897, 778 and 782, isolated from patients during an epidemic influenza outbreak in Moscow in the winter of 1977/1978 was compared. A (H3N2) virus proved to be more sensitive than the A (H1N1) viruses tested, as manifested by decreases of the infectious titre in ovo and of the haemagglutinin titre in MDCK cells.