ABSTRACT
Ten flea species are reported in anthropic zones of Vietnam. Xenopsylla vexabilis is also here included because of it has been involved in others plague's countries. Lentistivalius klossi is the only selvatic flea known as parasite of synanthropic rats. L. klossi bispiniformis (Li and Wang, 1958), first describe from Chinese specimens, is here synonymized (syn. nov.) with the nominal subspecies.
Subject(s)
Insect Vectors/microbiology , Plague/history , Siphonaptera/microbiology , Yersinia pestis/isolation & purification , Animals , Animals, Domestic/parasitology , Animals, Wild/parasitology , Disease Vectors , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Plague/epidemiology , Plague/transmission , Siphonaptera/classification , Species Specificity , Vietnam/epidemiology , Yersinia pestis/physiologyABSTRACT
Results using plates augmented with cerclage wires to stabilize eight large segment femoral allografts are described. Two patients had plates augmented with cerclage wires placed at the time of tumor resection, and six patients had plates augmented with cerclage fixation placed to manage allograft nonunions or fractures. These internal fixation techniques spanned 10 osteotomy sites: two metaphyseal and eight diaphyseal. The goal of operations that involved internal fixation with plates augmented by cerclage fixation was to obtain osseous union. Osseous union was achieved at both metaphyseal osteotomy sites and at one of the diaphyseal osteotomy sites. Internal fixation of large segment allografts with plates that are augmented with cerclage wires yield poor results when osseous union is the goal of treatment.
