ABSTRACT
Glutathione (GSH) has been the focus of increased scientific interest in the last decades. It plays a crucial role in all major physiological processes by supplying antioxidant defenses through participating in cellular redox reactions in the human body and other living organisms. GSH also participates in detoxifying xenobiotics, protecting protein thiols from crosslinking and oxidation, regulating the cell cycle, storing cysteine, etc. The significant role of GSH in the most important physiological processes has been highlighted, such as maintaining the redox balance and reducing oxidative stress due to its ability to inactivate the reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species. It can also enhance metabolic detoxification and regulate the function of the immune system. All of these characteristics make it a universal biomarker since its proper balance is essential for improving health and treating some age-related disorders. This review presents a current concept of the synthesis and metabolism of GSH; its main functions in a living organism, and as a precursor and cofactor; data on the use of GSH for medicinal purposes in the prevention and treatment of some diseases, as well as a nutritional strategy to maintain a normal pool of GSH in the body. The data were gathered by searching relevant information in multiple databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar.
ABSTRACT
The number of cancer patients is growing in all countries. Due to the malignant progression of cancer, inflammatory processes are observed, which are inextricably linked with the response of the immune system. AIM: The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of the cytostatic Vincristine on the background of sorption correction of disorders by the carbon sorbent AUT-M (activated carbon tissue material) in adenocarcinoma of the colon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To simulate carcinogenesis, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was administered subcutaneously to 76 rats for 30 weeks at a dose of 7.2 mg / kg body weight. The evolution of adenocarcinoma of the colon in experimental animals was confirmed by histological examination. After simulation of colon cancer, the animals were intragastrically administered entorosorbent at a dose of 1 ml of suspension (corresponding to 0.2 g of net weight of the drug) per 100 g of body weight of the animal, during 21 days. After detoxification therapy, rats with simulated carcinogenesis were administered the daily cytostatic Vincristine at a dose of 0.23 mg/kg for 14 days. In the above groups of experimental rats, the state of the humoral part of the immune system was studied by the content of serum IgA, IgM, IgG and circulating immune complexes. According to the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory processes in experimental animals with induced carcinogenesis of the colon on the background of enterosorption and cytostatic corrections were studied. The changes are confirmed by parametric and nonparametric methods of evaluation of the obtained data. RESULTS: It was found that long-term administration of the carcinogen is accompanied by changes in the humoral part of the immune system, as evidenced by the increase in serum IgA, IgM, IgG and CEC level. The results of the research showed that the introduction of 1,2- dimethylhydrazine to animals is accompanied by a change in the cytokine profile, increases the level of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and decreases the level of anti-inflammatory IL-4. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous use of enterosorption and cytostatic therapy helped to restore the cytokine balance and indicators of the humoral part of immunological protection.
