[Prevalence of tobacco smoking in addiction medicine specialists in Moscow].

According to the questionnaire results, high smoking rates among medical doctors working in Moscow drug-addiction out-patient clinics were identified: 78% of males and 42% of females smoke or used to smoke. The long duration and high intensity of smoking were noted. Interestingly, a large number of smoking doctors (36% of men and 43% of women) do not want to quit smoking. Smoking addiction medicine specialists pay far less attention to prevention and treatment of tobacco dependence in their patients.

[Abdomino-anal resection of rectum with hemi-resection of anal canal]. / Briushnoanal'naia rezektsiia primoi kishki s hemirezekstiei zadneprokhodnoho kanala.

The method of performing of abdominoanal rectal resection with anal hemiresection for tumor, localized in inferoampullar rectal portion and spreading on anus.

[Essential phospholipids in the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis]. / Essentsial'nye fosfolipidy v lechenii khronicheskogo pielonefrita.

The author's investigations led them to the conclusion that clinical manifestation of chronic pyelonephritis is associated with destabilization of lipid bilayer of red cell membranes, renal tissue, activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), rising lipid and LPO products excretion with the urine. 31 patients with chronic pyelonephritis received combined therapy comprising essential phospholipids. 25 control patients with the same disease were not given essentiale-forte. Finally, the latter had longer fever duration, more active inflammation. The former had also low urine excretion of oxalates and normal lipid composition of biological membranes.

[The enzyme function of cationic transmembrane transport and its relationship to the homeostatic indices of patients with chronic pyelonephritis]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie fermentov kationnogo transmembrannogo transporta i ikh vzaimosviaz' s nekotorymi pokazateliami gomeostaza u bol'nykh khronicheskim pielonefritom.

The paper examines the relationship between the clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis and the functional activity of enzymes of cation transmembrane erythrocyte transport (Mg(2+)-, N(+)-K(+)-, Ca(2+)-ATPases). An individual analysis ascertained that the patients who showed a low Ca(2+)-ATPase activity had marked signs of inflammation in the body, as evidenced by ESR, seromucoid and fibrinogen concentrations. These patients had more significantly depressed immune defense mechanisms as reflected by the levels of immunoglobulins, T-lymphocytes, complement, the neutrophil phagocytosis, and urinary IgA concentrations). Variations were also found in examining the excretion of a number of metabolites. There was a substantial decrease in urea, creatinine, titrated acid, phosphorus excretions in patients with deficient Ca(2+)-ATPase activity than in those with its high activity. It was concluded that there was a relationship between some clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis and the functional activity of enzymes of cation transmembrane transport. To treat metabolic disorders, membrane-protective agents are recommended to include into combined therapy.

[The treatment of coralliform nephrolithiasis]. / Lechenie korallovidnogo nefrolitiaza.

A total of 184 patients with dendritic nephrolithiasis (74.5% females and 25.5% males) were under study. It was established that in more than half of them the disease developed from the infectious inflammation of the urinary tract. Based on the findings, the authors supposed that in these patients the initial instability of cellular membranes was associated with a decrease in nonspecific resistance which was unfavourably complicated by infection of the urinary tracts and the formation of calcium phosphate calculus. As the presence of friable (low-contrast) calculi in the state of growth is accompanied by a severe inflammation, a continuous nonoperative treatment is mandatory. When the growth of the calculus is stopped and confirmed by its high-contrast dense X-ray shadow and the signs of inflammation ceased the authors insisted on the conduction of the 3-4-week inpatient preoperative management. The latter should include the administration of wide-range antibiotics, drugs for potentiation of nonspecific resistance and the complex of vitamins. Subcortical pyelolithotomy with partial nephrotomy is a method of choice in case of a "dry kidney". An average postoperative bedtime comprised 22.3 days.

[Polymyxin biosynthesis by Bacillus polymyxa during growth limitation by the nutritional sources]. / Biosintez polimiksina Bacillus polymyxa pri limitatsii rosta istochnikami pitaniia.

The synthesis of the antibiotic polymyxin M was studied under the conditions of batch and continuous cultivation of Bacillus polymyxa var. Ross whose growth was limited with glucose, phosphate and ammonium nitrogen. Polymyxin M was synthesized when the culture growth decelerated as a result of its limitation with the above compounds. Different amounts of the antibiotic were synthesized depending on the type of a limiting factor. The highest productiveness was found in the case of glucose limitation. The optimal conditions for polymyxin M synthesis were established under the conditions of one-step continuous cultivation.

[Biosynthesis of the antibiotic gramicidin S by a Bacillus brevis culture associated with a change in growth kinetics]. / Biosintez antibiotika gramitsidina S kul'turoi Bacillus brevis v sviazi s izmeneniem kinetiki rosta.

The effect of changes in the kinetics of growth on gramicidin S biosynthesis by Bacillus brevis var. G.-B. was studied. The synthesis of gramicidin S is induced when the specific growth rate decreases, whatever is the factor causing this decrease. As was found experimentally, only cells of a certain age can synthesize gramicidin S.

[Growth limitations and biosynthesis of gramicidin in Bacillus brevis var. G.-B]. / Limitatsiia rosta i biosintez gramitsidina s Bacillus brevis var. G.-B.

Gramicidin S biosynthesis was studied in Bacillus brevis var. G.-B. during its batch and continuous cultivation when the culture growth was limited with nutrient sources (glycerol, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate), oxygen deficiency and the action of a physical factor (a low temperature). The antibiotic biosynthesis was shown to be induced by a change in the growth rate caused by the action of any factor decelerating the growth. The authors propose a mathematical model for the antibiotic synthesis, biomass accumulation and the utilization of a substrate limiting the growth. The model is based on the age separation of cells. The model is analyzed in terms of optimizing the one-stage continuous cultivation process. The model allows one to calculate optimal conditions of the antibiotic synthesis in the process of one-stage continuous cultivation.

[Sporulation and crystal formation in Bacillus thuringiensis during growth limitation via nutrient sources]. / Sporuliatsiia i kristalloobrazovanie u Bacillus thuringiensis pri limitatsii rosta istochnikami pitaniia.

The object of the work was to study the effect of limiting concentrations of glucose, yeast extract, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium on the growth, spore formation and crystal formation in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae. The deficiency of the above components was shown to interfere in no way with the processes of spore and crystal formation. However, the type of limiting substrate influenced the character of spore formation, the duration of different phases in the culture growth, the yield of spores and crystals, and their quality.

[Distribution and some problems in the ecology of the tick, Ixodes trianguliceps Bir. in the southern Urals]. / Rasprostraneni i nekotorye voprosy ékologii kleshcha Ixodes trianguliceps Bir. na Iuzhnom Urale

Data on the distribution and ecology of Ixodes trianguliceps in the South Urals are presented. This species occurs in various landscapes of the forest zone of the South Urals between 52 degrees 11' and 52 degrees 22' N. lat. It infects 9 species of small mammals of which species of the genus Clethrionomys were found to be the major hosts of I. trianguliceps in this area.