ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To evaluate long-term oncological and renal function outcomes in patients treated with robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing RAPN for clinically localized RCC between January 2014 and December 2019 at a tertiary robotic reference center were evaluated. Clinical course, pathologic characteristics, and long-term outcomes were obtained from our institutional review board-approved RCC database. RESULTS: A total of 234 patients were available for analysis. Median follow-up was 46 months (10.8-97.8 months), with 77 patients (32.9%) having at least 5-years of follow-up. Pathology revealed clear-cell RCC in 67.5% (n = 158). Among unfavorable factors, nuclear grades 3 or 4 were found in 67 (29.4%), lymphovascular invasion in 10 (4.3%), positive surgical margins in 22 (9.4%), necrosis in 21 (9%), and sarcomatoid pattern in 2 patients (0.9%). At 12 months, mean serum creatinine was 1.04 mg/dL and 12.9% of patients experienced upstaging in chronic kidney disease. Overall recurrence-free survival at 5-years was 97.8%. There were five local (2.1%) and two distant (0.9%) recurrences, none of them resulting in cancer-specific death. Median time to recurrence was 20 months (11-64 months). Warm ischemia time [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.14, p = 0.034] and sarcomatoid pattern (HR = 124.57, p = 0.001) were the only variables associated with local relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Data from this large cohort demonstrate that patients undergoing RAPN have a low incidence of local and distant relapse, resulting in excellent long-term survival while preserving stable renal function in most patients.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell , Kidney Neoplasms , Robotic Surgical Procedures , Robotics , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Nephrectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods , Robotics/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Introducción: El cáncer de vejiga es en su mayoría una enfermedad de pacientes de edad avanzada. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la edad como factor pronóstico en una cohorte de pacientes chilenos con cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasor. Material y métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente los registros clínicos de 107 pacientes tratados por un cáncer no-músculo invasor de vejiga confirmado histológicamente. Se determinaron asociaciones de la edad con parámetros clínicos e histopatológicos, así como con recurrencia y progresión tumoral. Finalmente se realizó un análisis multivariado para identificar factores predictores de los desenlaces mencionados. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue 65 años (rango 29-94). Se observó una significativa asociación de unos pacientes jóvenes con el tabaquismo activo. Por otro lado, los pacientes mayores a 65 años mostraron una asociación significativa con la presencia de recurrencia y progresión tumoral en el análisis univariado. Finalmente, una edad por sobre los 65 años fue el predictor independiente más importante para la recurrencia en el análisis multivariado, por sobre el estadío pT. Conclusiones: Existen varios factores clínicos y psicosociales que contribuyen al significativo poder predictor de una edad > 65 años en el pronóstico de un paciente con un cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasor. Por lo mismo, cada paciente debe ser evaluado en forma integral, tomando en cuenta las distintas dimensiones involucradas. En un escenario de progresivo envejecimiento de la población, el urólogo debe estar preparado para resolver adecuadamente esta situación.
Introduction: Bladder cancer is most frequently a disease of the elderly. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of age on prognosis in a cohort of Chilean patients with non muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Methods: The medical records of 107 patients treated for non muscle-invasive bladder cancer at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Associations of age with clinical and histopathological parameters were assessed, as well as with tumoral recurrence and progression. Finally, a multivariate analysis was performed in order to identify predictive factors for the mentioned outcomes. Results: The median age was 65 years (range 29-94). Younger patients showed a significant association with an active smoking status. On the other hand, a significant association of age > 65 years with tumoral recurrence and progression was observed on univariate analysis. Age was also the most important predictive factor for recurrence on the multivariate analysis, even more than the pT stage. Conclusions: There are several clinical and psychosocial factors related to the significant predictive power of a higher age on the prognosis of patients with non muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Therefore, every patient should be assessed integrally, taking into account all the different dimensions involved. In an era of an aging population, the urologist must be prepared to handle with this situation.
