ABSTRACT
Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the internal neural and craniofacial malformations of a cyclopic fetus are described. External facial features were characterized by a tubular proboscis situated above a single eye slit. The brain was recognized as 'pancake' type alobar holoprosencephaly (a condition where the undifferentiated telencephalon partially surrounds a monoventricle). Displacement of some bones that normally contribute to the orbit could be clearly discerned. Absence of neural structures (e.g. falx cerebri, corpus callosum) and missing components of the ethmoid bone indicated a midline deficit. This correlates with proposed theories of cyclopic embryopathy, which suggest that the prechordal plate and the neural crest cells are affected during the third week of gestation in cyclopia.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology , Craniofacial Abnormalities/pathology , Eye Abnormalities/pathology , Head/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Humans , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
Brain sectioning has been improved through gelatin embedding so that more than forty precisely oriented serial sections can be obtained from a single brain. Since the embedding gelatin requires no fixation, it can be removed from the sections prior to staining by simple warming. The reduction of Berlin blue dye commonly observed after staining by the Mulligan method has been found to be at least partly due to light in the UV to near UV range. Dye reduction is significantly inhibited by postfixation in 25% acetic acid.
Subject(s)
Brain/anatomy & histology , Ferrocyanides , Histological Techniques , Humans , Staining and Labeling/methodsABSTRACT
A new technic for monitoring blood gases or venous and arterial pressure is described. Catheters are inserted by percutaneous puncture and guided into the femoral and iliac vessels with minimal manipulation. This rapid, simple technic has been used in more than 100 patients without a major complication.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure Determination/methods , Femoral Artery , Femoral Vein , Blood Gas Analysis , Catheterization/methods , Central Venous Pressure , Hematocrit , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Monitoring, PhysiologicABSTRACT
The first case of traumatic pulmonary arteriovenous fistula in the English literature is reported. The case is reported to alert thoracic surgeons to the possibility of this lesion following penetrating chest injuries.
