ABSTRACT
Neuroendocrine carcinomas are malignancies deriving from neuroendocrine cells existing in various sites of the body, most commonly in the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast are extremely rare, and their diagnosis is confirmed by positive neuroendocrine markers. We describe a case of a 46-year-old woman with a palpable mass in her left breast for the previous 3 months. The tumor was resected and a primary large-cell neuroendocrine tumor of the breast was confirmed by histopathologic examination. Paget disease of the nipple was noted as well.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Large Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/diagnosis , Paget's Disease, Mammary/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Large Cell/therapy , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Mammography , Middle Aged , Paget's Disease, Mammary/pathology , Paget's Disease, Mammary/therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography, MammaryABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: We studied the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in females with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and its sequelae on metabolism and cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen women were investigated with (1) morning, evening, and midnight cortisol and adrenocortophic hormone, (2) cortisol after overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, (3) cortisol after corticotropin releasing hormone test, (4) oral glucose tolerance test with glucose and insulin estimations, and (5) ultrasound for carotid intima media thickness. A matched control group underwent similar investigations. None of the parameters was significantly different between patients and controls. CONCLUSION: Females with DTC have normal HPA-axis function and similar insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk compared to controls.
