The Role of Regulatory Cell Death in Vitiligo.

Vitiligo is one of the common chronic autoimmune skin diseases in clinic, which is characterized by localized or generalized depigmentation and seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. At present, the pathogenesis of vitiligo is not clear; mainly, heredity, autoimmunity, oxidative stress, melanocyte (MC) self-destruction, and the destruction, death, or dysfunction of MCs caused by various reasons are always the core of vitiligo. Regulatory cell death (RCD) is an active and orderly death mode of cells regulated by genes, which widely exists in various life activities, plays a pivotal role in maintaining the homeostasis of the organism, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. With the deepening of the research and understanding of RCD, people gradually found that there are many different forms of RCD in the lesions and perilesional skin of vitiligo patients, such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and so on. Different cell death modes have different mechanisms in vitiligo, and different RCDs can interact and regulate each other. In this article, the mechanism related to RCD in the pathogenesis of vitiligo is reviewed, which provides new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis and targeted treatment of vitiligo.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors in Children with Acute Leukemia Complicated with Multiple Drug Resistant Bacterial Septicemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of acute leukemia complicated with multi-drug resistant bacterial septicemia in children.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of children with acute leukemia complicated with septicemia admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from January 2013 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Their flora composition and drug resistance were also analyzed. The children were divided into multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDRB) group and non-multi-drug resistant bacteria (non-MDRB) group according to the drug sensitivity results, and the differences in clinical data between the two group were compared.@*RESULTS@#A total of 108 children had drug sensitivity results, 47 cases in the MDRB group, including 26 strians of Gram-positive bacteria (G+), the most common multi-drug resistant G+ bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus, and the most common multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria G- bacteria were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae. Compared with non-MDRB group, children in MDRB group had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level and mortality rate (P <0.001, P =0.009), lower initial empirical anti-infection efficiency (P <0.001), and were more likely to have septic shock (P =0.003). Logistic analysis showed that the risk factors of acute leukemia complicated with MDRB septicemia in children were previous MDRB infection (OR =6.763, 95% CI: 1.141-40.092, P =0.035), duration of agranulocytosis before infection≥7 days (OR =3.071, 95% CI: 1.139-8.282, P =0.027), and previous use of antimicrobial drugs within 90 days before infection (OR =7.675, 95% CI: 1.581-37.261, P =0.011).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The clinical features of acute leukemia complicated with MDRB septicemia in children include a heavy inflammatory response, significantly elevated CRP, susceptibility to secondary septic shock, low efficiency of initial empirical anti-infective therapy, and high mortality rate. Previous MDRB infection, duration of agranulocytosis before infection≥7 days, and previous use of antimicrobial drugs within 90 days before infection are risk factors of acute leukemia complicated with MDRB septicemia in children.

[Effects of Sox11 gene on neuronal migration in the development mouse cerebral cortex].

Objective: To study the effect of the schizophrenia susceptible gene Sox11 on the migration of cortical neurons using mice as experimental animals. Methods: The real-time quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization were used to clarify the expression pattern of Sox11 in the cerebral cortex during development (E14.5, P0, P7, P14). The techniques of plasmid construction, transfection, in utero electroporation and immunostaining were used to explore the role of Sox11 in the neuronal radial migration by transfecting control shRNA plasmid, mSox11 shRNA plasmid and mSox11 shRNA post-interference recovery plasmid in mice of different ages (E17.5, P0, P4, P7). Results: Compared with control neurons, the migration of mSox11 shRNA transfected neurons was delayed significantly. When a part of the neurons in the control group had reached the surface of the neocortex, most of the neurons transfected with mSox11 shRNA remained in the middle area of the neocortex. After the rat Sox11 (rSox11) gene overexpression vector was used to recuse the mouse Sox11 (mSox11) gene interference in mice, the distribution of neurons after migration was basically the same as the control. The distribution of migrating neurons in the subventricular zone (SVZ), intermediate zone (IZ), and cortical plate (CP) was different significantly (P＜0.01) after Sox11 interference and recovery. Conclusion: Sox11 can promote the migration of cortical neurons, suggesting that Sox11 plays a crucial role in the migration process of mouse cortical neurons.

The influence of air pollution on the health of primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the effects of ambient air pollution on the school age children s diseases, symptoms and school absence, and to provide a reference for preventing the harmful effect of air pollution on students.@*Methods@#Health questionnaires surveys were conducted among 792 students of the fourth grade in a primary school in Hangzhou, and the incidence of diseases and symptoms were continuously monitored every day during the winter of 2014-2017. The generalized additive model based on Poisson regression was used to analyze the health effects caused by single pollution. The multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the comprehensive effects of family, living environment and air pollution on student health.@*Results@#Totally 415 students(52.4%) had a history of diseases and 265 students(33.5%) had a history of allergy. During the investigation, the average concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 and NO 2 were (81.0±2.8) (122.2±3.9) (17.9±0.6) and (68.9±1.4)μg/m 3. Strongest associations were found for lag 3 day of exposure among PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 on illness and absence. Increases of 10 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 were associated with 1.02(95% CI =1.01-1.02), 1.04(95% CI =1.03-1.06) and 1.03(95% CI =1.02- 1.04 ) increases in daily illness rates. SO 2 lag for 5 days had the most significant effect on students health. Father s education was the protective factor for illness ( OR =0.83) and symptoms( OR =0.84 ). The risk factors for symptoms included furniture replacement within one year( OR =1.78), pet feeding( OR =1.94), respiratory infections within one year( OR =1.82), allergies rhinitis( OR =2.24), family history with coronary heart disease/hypertension( OR =1.46), indoor activity time ( OR =1.02) and atmospheric PM 10 concentration( OR =1.09)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The increase of air pollution concentration has an impact on the illness, symptoms and absence from school, and there is a lag effect. Father s education is a protective factor for the health of students. Indoor pollution and outdoor air pollution can lead to the occurrence of illness and symptoms.

The Comparison of Iron Deficiency Anemia Rat Treated with Hydroxypropyl Chitosan Ferrous Ion Complex and Ferrous Sulfate / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe and compare the therapeutic effects of hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous ion complex solution and ferrous sulfate solution in iron deficiency anemia rats and their effects on gastric mucosa.@*METHODS@#Seven rats were randomly selected from thirty five SPF grade SD rats as control group, and were fed with normal diet, distilled water (E). The rest of SD rats were fed with low iron feed and distilled water plus continuous tail vein bloodletting to establish the iron deficiency anemia model. After the model was established successfully, the rats were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group (A), iron deficiency anemia control group (B), ferrous sulfate group (C), hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous ion complex (HPCTS-Fe@*RESULTS@#After modeling, except the normal control group, the hair color of the rats in the four groups showed dark yellow and the belly of the toes became white gradually. HGB, HCT, Ret%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and SF decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After treatment, the rats with dark yellow hair in group C and D were improved, and the toe abdomen turned pink gradually. RBC, HGB, HCT, Ret%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and SF in rats in group C and D increased, which were higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). The HGB of the rats in group D was higher than that of group C in day 28th during treatment and the Ret% was higher than that in group C at day 10th (P<0.05).After treatment, the liver and spleen of the rats in group C and D were lighter than those in group B (P<0.05).The gastric mucosa in group A, B, D and E was not damaged obviously, while it was slightly irritated and damaged in group C.@*CONCLUSION@#Hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous complex solution can improve the hemoglobin level of SD rats with iron deficiency anemia, which is stronger than ferrous sulfate solution and shows no damage to gastric mucosa.

Toxic Effects of Long-term Exposure to PM / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the toxic damage and possible mechanism of chronic exposure of ambient particulate matter (PM@*METHODS@#Mice were treated with different doses (150, 300, 600 mg/kg) of chitosan after exposure to PM@*RESULTS@#Compared with the mice in control group, IL-2 secretion and CXCL12 expression were decreased in the bone marrow of PM@*CONCLUSION@#Chronic exposure of PM