ABSTRACT
The prompt use of an enamel surface covering reagent is advised to safeguard the dental restorative substance from mishaps. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the fluoride emitting capabilities of standard GIC, and Zirconomer cement together with surface coverings and without surface coverings. The conventional GIC cement was part of experimental category A while Zirconomer cement was part of category B. For every experimental categories, a set of sixty brass mould prototypes in the form of disc with dimensions: diameter (6±0.1mm) and thickness (2±0.1 mm) were created and subsequently covered with Teflon strip in accordance with the package recommendations. Also, for both experimental categories, such pellets were randomly allocated to three sub-categories of 20 each. For one category petroleum jelly was administered with a cotton bud and then delicately dried under airflow (A3 subcategory and B3 subcategory); for another sub-category G-Coat was laced through a micro-tip dispenser and light treated for twenty seconds (A2 subcategory and B2 subcategory); the rest 20 specimens were left without any coating (A1 subcategory and B1 subcategory). It was observed that in subcategory A1 and A3 there was continuous decline in emission of fluoride ion as the days progressed. However there was an increase in emission of fluoride in A2 subcategory on moving to day 5 from day 1. However, from day 5 onwards decline in fluoride emission was observed in A2 subcategory. It was concluded that both materials studied (GIC and Zirconomer) exhibited fluoride emission whether or not they were surface-coated for protection.
ABSTRACT
Background: In primary teeth, working length determination is complicated due to its continuous alteration in dimension, shape, and root apex position. Accurate working length determination is essential to achieve the optimal cleaning and disinfection of the canal. Despite the use of conventional radiographic method, newer methods are available to increase the accuracy of WL determination. This study aims to compare electronic apex locator (EAL) with radiographic method of WL determination and to evaluate its accuracy using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Sixty root canals from 34 extracted primary teeth were included. Occlusal surfaces were flattened and access opening done for all the samples. Teeth were subjected to working length determination by conventional radiograph and EAL. Samples were then mounted on a U-shaped wax and subjected to CBCT. Results were recorded and statistically analyzed using ANOVA and ICC for quantitative data. Result: The mean measurement of radiographic, EAL and CBCT methods are 11.708, 11.200, and 10.895, respectively. Mean measurements demonstrated significant difference (p < 0.05) between three methods. ICC demonstrated high correlation between EAL and CBCT with Cronbach's α value of 0.962 and moderate correlation were observed between radiographic method and CBCT (0.706) and EAL and radiographic method (0.763). EAL demonstrated 87% accuracy whereas radiographic method demonstrated 63% accuracy to the actual length as evaluated by CBCT. Conclusion: EAL is more accurate than conventional radiographic method as evaluated by CBCT. How to cite this article: Shibin J, GS P, M S, et al. Evaluation of the Working Length Determination Accuracy by Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Primary Teeth. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-1):S92-S96.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sudden or chronic exposure to sound alters the functioning of cochlea. This results in temporary or permanent alteration of functioning of cochlear cells. Alteration of functioning of outer hair cells (OHC) of cochlea following exposure to noise can be assessed by measurement of transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). Such a measurement is of great clinical importance in early detection of the damage to the OHC. AIM: In this study we aim to study effect of noise on outer hair cell function by studying the changes in TEOAE's amplitude following exposure to short term broad band noise in healthy volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty volunteers' ten males and ten females participated in the study. They underwent pure tone and impedance audiometry to rule out ear pathology. Then pre-exposure TEOAE's were recorded. After that they were exposed to broad band noise for two minutes. After gap of five minutes again TEOAE's were recorded. Pre and post exposure amplitude of TEOAE's was analysed statistically.s RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference between pre exposure and post-exposure amplitude of TEOAE's. Pre and post exposure values for A & B amplitudes showed p-value of 0.0001 whereas values for A-B amplitude showed p-value of 0.0001. CONCLUSION: Measurement of TEOAE's can detect early changes in the functioning of outer hair cells which cannot be picked by routine pure tone audiometry. Thus they can be used in assessing early changes in cochlear function following exposure to noise in individuals exposed to sudden noise or working in noisy environments. Thus preventive methods to reduce the noise induced hearing loss in such individuals can be implemented.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is one of the most common diseases in clinical practice. It affects large number of people. Disease causes disability and mortality because of its ability to cause complications. Patients develop complications because of lack of awareness about the disease, scarce availability of qualified otologists at peripheral areas and economical constraints. This study was conducted to study the awareness about CSOM and its complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients suffering from CSOM attending outpatient department of Ear, Nose and Throat Department were included in this study. After taking proper history and examination to confirm the diagnosis patients were given structured questionnaire to assess their knowledge about CSOM and its complications. RESULTS tabulated and compared with literature. RESULTS: Majority of our patients (77.6%) were from low socio-economic status group. Maximum number of patients was from 3(rd) and 4(th) decade of life. Only 29.5% patients understood perforation in Tympanic Membrane (TM) as a cause for continued discharge. 94% patients did not differentiate between safe and unsafe CSOM. 52.2% had knowledge about entry of water in ear as cause for recurrence of discharge in CSOM. 44.7% said CSOM can be cured by surgery. Only 7.4% said infection can spread to brain, 23.3% knew about collection of pus around ear, 11.9% said it can cause vertigo, but none of them recognized facial nerve palsy as complication of CSOM. 38.8% took self medication and 16.4% consulted qualified ear nose throat (ENT) doctor. CONCLUSION: Although CSOM is a major disease affecting large number of people, awareness regarding disease and its complications is still poor. Mass education programs aimed at educating people about CSOM are need of the hour.
