Dual Modulators of p53 and Cyclin D in ER Alpha Signaling by Albumin Nanovectors Bearing Zinc Chaperones for ER-positive Breast Cancer Therapy.

CDATA[The inherited mutations and underexpression of BRCA1 in sporadic breast cancers resulting in the loss or functional inactivation of BRCA1 may contribute to a high risk of breast cancer. Recent researchers have identified small molecules (BRCA1 mimetics) that fit into a BRCA1 binding pocket within Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα), mimic the ability of BRCA1 to inhibit ERα activity, and overcome antiestrogen resistance. Studies indicate that most of the BRCA1 breast cancer cases are associated with p53 mutations. It indicates that there is a potential connection between BRCA1 and p53. Most p53 mutations are missense point mutations that occur in the DNA-binding domain. Structural studies have demonstrated that mutant p53 core domain misfolding, especially p53-R175H, is reversible. Mutant p53 reactivation with a new class of zinc metallochaperones (ZMC) restores WT p53 structure and functions by restoring Zn2+ to Zn2+ deficient mutant p53. Considering the role of WT BRCA1 and reactivation of p53 in tumor cells, our hypothesis is to target both tumor suppressor proteins by a novel biomolecule (ZMC). Since both proteins are present in the same cell and are functionally inactive, this state may be a novel efficacious therapeutic regime for breast cancer therapy. In addition, we propose to use Albumin Nanovector (ANV) formulation for target drug release.

Effect of quencher and temperature on fluorescence intensity of laser dyes: DETC and C504T.

Fluorescence quenching of 7- Diethylamino-3-thenoylcoumarin (DETC) and 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl11-oxo-1H,5H,11H- [1]benzopyrano[6,7,8-ij]quinolizine-10-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester (C504T) by aniline(AN), dimethylaniline (DMA) and diethylaniline (DEA) was investigated in toluene by steady state and transient methods. The quenching parameters like frequency of encounter (kd), probability of quenching per encounter (p), quenching rate parameters (kq) and activation energy of quenching (Ea) were determined experimentally. The kq values determined by steady state and time-resolved methods for the both dyes were found to be same, indicating the dynamic nature of interaction. Magnitudes of p and Ea suggested that the quenching reaction is predominantly controlled by material diffusion. The quenching mechanism is rationalized in terms of electron transfer (ET) from donors (aromatic amines) to the acceptors (coumarin derivatives) confirmed by correlating kq with free energy changes (ΔG°). Further, an effect of temperature on fluorescence intensity was carried out in toluene and methanol solvents. Fluorescence intensity of both the dyes decreases with increase in temperature. Temperature quenching in case of C504T is due to intersystem crossing S1→T2, whereas for DETC, quenching is due to intersystem crossing S1→T2 and ICT→TICT transition.