ABSTRACT
La confluencia en las expectativas de los padres y los docentes incide en el desarrollo socioacadémico de los menores. Por otro lado, las evaluaciones de los profesores influyen en la autoevaluación y el rendimiento de los estudiantes. Durante la implementación de un programa psicoeducativo para la prevención del trabajo infantil, comparamos la evaluación de las habilidades sociales por parte de los docentes con la autoevaluación de los menores y la valoración subjetiva del rendimiento académico por parte de los docentes con las calificaciones académicas obtenidas por los menores en el curso anterior. También exploramos la valoración cualitativa del trabajo infantil por parte de los docentes y de los padres. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto una elevada consistencia interjueces en la evaluación de las habilidades sociales y una coincidencia moderada en la valoración del rendimiento académico. La evaluación de los profesores reflejó una visión más integrada de los aspectos sociales y académicos, en comparación con los menores. Combinando el análisis de correlaciones parciales con la visualización de redes, el factor de agresividad se reveló como el indicador con mayor centralidad en la evaluación socioacadémica de los menores, tanto para los docentes como para los estudiantes. Finalmente, los profesores mostraron mayor sensibilidad que los padres sobre las consecuencias negativas del trabajo infantil
The confluence in the expectations of parents and teachers affects children's socio-academic development. Teacher evaluations also influence student self-assessment and performance. During the implementation of a psychoeducational program for the prevention of child labor, two aspects of children development were compared: the evaluation of social skills by teachers with self-assessment of minors and subjective assessment of academic performance by teachers with academic qualifications obtained by minors in the previous course. We also explored thequalitative assessment of child labor by teachers and parents. The results showed a high inter-judge consistency in the evaluation of social skills and a moderate coincidence in the assessment of academic performance. The evaluation of teachers reflected a more integrated view of social and academic aspects, compared to minors. Combining the analysis of partial correlations with visualization of networks, the aggressiveness factor was revealed as the indicator with thegreatest centrality in children's socio-academic evaluation, both for teachers and students. Finally, teachers showed greater sensitivity than parents towards negative consequences of child labor
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Labor , Psychology, Educational , Social Skills , Academic Success , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
Intestinal grafts carry large donor lymphoid load that is replaced by recipient cells. The dynamics of this process may influence the tolerance, rejection or graft-versus-host disease. We analysed distribution and turnover of T and B (Lin+) lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) and helper innate lymphoid cells (hILC) in intestinal epithelium (IEp) and lamina propia (LP) from a long-term cohort of eight intestinal recipients and from a single patient monitored deeply during the first 8 months post-transplant (posTx). Long-term intestinal grafts showed significantly higher %hILC than native bowels in IEp and LP until 10 years posTx and recovery to normal levels was observed afterwards. We also observed an imbalance between hILC subsets in IEp [increase of type 1 (ILC1) and decrease in type 3 (ILC3) innate lymphoid cells] that persisted along posTx time even when %hILC was similar to native bowels. Regarding hILC origin, we still detected the presence of donor cells at 13 years posTx. However, this chimerism was significantly lower than in Lin+ and NK populations. According to these findings, observation from the patient monitored in early posTx period showed that recipient hILC repopulate earlier and faster than Lin+ cells, with increase in ILC1 related to rejection and infection episodes.
Subject(s)
Immunity, Innate , Lymphocytes , Humans , Immune Tolerance , Intestines , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
The personal networks of 138 parents of children participating in a child labor prevention initiative in three schools in Lima (Peru) are analyzed. First, relevant behavior settings in two informal population settlements in the periphery of the big city were detected. Second, the distribution of personal relationships in that small set of community contexts served to describe the everyday interaction in the neighborhood. Each interviewee provided information on the 45 persons with whom he/she interacts regularly, indicating in each case the context where that relationship preferably takes place. They also reported on the involvement of families in school and citizen participation initiatives in their community. The clustered graphs technique showed that the school is the second most relevant space for the development of interpersonal relationships in the neighborhood. Relationships among different family households were the most powerful predictor of community integration in the neighborhood of residence. The highest rates of child labor coincide with the most recently created community environments, with more fragmented personal networks, and with a less structured community as a whole. School is a community hub that facilitates interaction between the families of the neighborhood and connect to value resources outside of their usual place of residence
Se analizan las redes personales de 138 padres de niños que participaron en una iniciativa de prevención del trabajo infantil en tres escuelas de Lima (Perú). En primer lugar, se detectaron configuraciones de comportamientos relevantes en dos asentamientos informales de población en la periferia de la gran ciudad. En segundo lugar, la distribución de las relaciones personales en ese pequeño conjunto de contextos comunitarios sirvió para describir la interacción cotidiana en el vecindario. Cada entrevistador facilitó información sobre las 45 personas con las que interaccionaba habitualmente, indicando en cada caso el contexto en el que tenía lugar preferentemente dicha interacción. También informaron sobre la implicación de las familias en la escuela y de las iniciativas de participación ciudadana en su comunidad. La técnica de gráficos agrupados muestra que la escuela es el segundo espacio más importante en el desarrollo de relaciones interpersonales en el vecindario. Las relaciones entre diferentes familias vecinas constituían el mejor predictor de la integración comunitaria en el vecindario de residencia. Los mayores índices de trabajo infantil coinciden con los entornos comunitarios más recientemente creados y con una comunidad menos estructurada en conjunto. La escuela constituye un núcleo que facilita la interacción entre familias en el vecindario y conecta con los recursos de valores fuera de su lugar habitual de residencia
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child Labor , Community Integration/trends , Child Abuse/prevention & control , Child Advocacy , Community Networks/organization & administration , Schools/organization & administration , Social Networking , Peru/epidemiology , Family Characteristics , Interview, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Since several reports have indicated that cholinesterases (ChE) type and distribution is species specific and that in some species there is a relationship among gender, size and ChE activities, characterization has been suggested. The aim of the present study was to characterize the ChE present in head and muscle of Gambusia yucatana (using selective substrates and inhibitors) and to find its relationship with total length or gender. Results indicated that the ChE present in G. yucatana is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with high sensitivity to BW284C51 and an atypical smaller Km with butyrylthiocholine. Scatterplots indicated that there is no linearity between total length and AChE in male or female wild mosquitofish. There were no sex differences in AChE activities. Results indicated significant differences between a single collection site in the Yucatan peninsula and depurated organisms. This study emphasized the importance of characterizing ChE before usage in biomonitoring.
