TFG-ß Nuclear Staining as a Potential Relapse Risk Factor in Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Nowadays, the impact of the tumor-immune microenvironment (TME) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis and treatment response remains unclear. Thus, we evaluated the expression of PD-L1, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) in NSCLC to identify differences in TME, detect possible new prognostic factors, and assess their relationship. We retrospectively analyzed 55 samples from patients who underwent NSCLC surgery and had over a 5-year follow-up. PD-L1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry following standard techniques. The presence of TILs was evaluated at low magnification and classified into two categories, "intense" and "non-intense". Cytoplasmic TGF-ß staining visualization was divided into four categories, and unequivocal nuclear staining in >1% of viable tumor cells was defined as "present" or "absent". Our aim was to identify differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Tumor stage was the only objective prognostic factor for OS. PD-L1 expression and the presence of TILs had no prognostic impact, neither their combination. There seems to be a lower expression of PD-L1 and a higher expression of TILs in early stages of the disease. Our TGF-ß nuclear staining analysis was promising, since it was associated with worse DFS, revealing this protein as a possible prognostic biomarker of recurrence for resectable NSCLC.

Differences reported in the lifespan and aging of male Wistar rats maintained on diets containing fat with different fatty acid profiles (virgin olive, sunflower or fish oils) are not reflected by histopathological lesions found at death in central nervous and endocrine systems.

The present study was designed to examine if dietary fat sources that have shown differences in lifespan and if some aging-related aspects can modulate the range of histopathologic changes in central nervous and endocrine systems that occur during the lifespan of Wistar rats. Moreover, it was attempted to gain insight into the relationship between longevity and the development of the different pathological changes, as well as possible interaction with diet. In order to achieve this, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups fed semisynthetic and isoenergetic diets from weaning until death with different dietary fat sources, namely virgin olive, sunflower, or fish oil. An individual follow-up until death of each animal was performed. Incidence, severity, and burden of specific or group (i.e., neoplastic or non-neoplastic proliferative and non-proliferative) of lesions was calculated along with individual's disease and individual organ lesion burden. Most of the histopathological lesions found have been described in previous studies. Neoplasms, and in particular pituitary adenomas followed by brain tumors, were the most prevalent lesions found in the rats and the main cause of death involving both systems. Incidence of brain lesions was associated with age-at-death. Assayed dietary fats did not present differential effects on pathological changes occurring in endocrine and central nervous systems throughout rat lifespan.

Diagnóstico mediante EBUS-TBNA de reacción granulomatosa secundaria a Surgicel en adenopatía mediastínica / EBUS-TBNA diagnosis of a granulomatous reaction to Surgicel in mediastinal adenopathy

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Clinical performance evaluation of the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in exons 18-21 is recommended in all patients with advanced Non-small-cell lung carcinoma due to the demonstrated efficiency of the standard therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutated patients. Therefore, choosing a suitable technique to test EGFR mutational status is crucial to warrant a valid result in a short turnaround time using the lowest possible amount of tissue material. The Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test is a simple, fast and reliable method designed for the detection of EGFR mutations from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. The aim of this study was the Clinical Performace Evaluation of the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test on the Idylla™ System. METHODS: EGFR mutational status was determined on 132 archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections with Idylla™ technology. Results were compared with the results previously obtained by routine method in the reference lab (Therascreen® EGFR RGQ PCR v2, Qiagen in Molecular Pathology lab, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla). RESULTS: The overall agreement between results obtained with the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test and the Comparator test method was 95.38% (with 1-sided 95% lower limit of 91.7%) showing Positive Diagnostic Agreement of 93.22% and Negative Diagnostic Agreement of 97.18%, with a Limit Of Detection ≤5%. CONCLUSIONS: The Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test passed its clinical validity performance characteristics for accuracy.

Longevity and Cause of Death in Male Wistar Rats Fed Lifelong Diets Based on Virgin Olive Oil, Sunflower Oil, or Fish Oil.

Extending life by delaying the aging process has been proven to be the most effective way to fight multiple chronic diseases in elderly adults. Evidence suggests that longevity is inversely related to unsaturation of membrane phospholipids. This study investigated how different unsaturated dietary fats affect life span and cause of death in male Wistar rats fed diets based on virgin olive oil (V), sunflower oil (S), or fish oil (F), which were supplemented or not with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Previous results suggest that individual longevity and survival probability at different ages may be modulated by an appropriate dietary fat treatment. Lifelong feeding with V or F diets would reduce death probability compared to feeding with S diet at certain ages, although the effects of V diet would be maintained for most of life. Furthermore, the addition of lower amounts of CoQ10 reduced mortality associated with S diet, but CoQ10 had no effect on survival when combined with virgin olive oil or fish oil. Supplementation with low doses of CoQ10 failed to increase the maximum life span potential of rats fed a V or F diet. No clear evidence showing that monounsaturated fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, or CoQ10 exerted the observed effects by modulating the rate of aging has been found.

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the larynx: a case report / Sarcoma miofibroblástico de bajo grado en laringe: reporte de un caso

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma is a rare neoplasm, with an incidence of less than 1% and a predilection for the head and neck area. We report a case occurring in a 55 year-old male and in an unusual location: the anterior commissure of the larynx. The patient presented with short-term dysphonia. A nodular lesion on the right vocal cord was detected and a biopsy and subsequent resection of the mass was performed. The nodule consisted of a spindle cell fascicular proliferation in a dense collagenous matrix. Moderate atypia, mitotic activity (>10X10HPF) and a proliferation index of 10% were noted. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for vimentin, muscle-specific actin (HHF35) and negativity fordesmin, ALK, p53, cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, 5/6 and 18), EMA, GFAP, S100, CD34, CD68 and CD99 (AU)

El sarcoma miofibroblástico de bajo grado es una neoplasia rara con predilección por cabeza y cuello, con una incidencia menor del 1%. Reportamos el caso de un varón de 55 años, en comisura anterior de laringe, un sitio infrecuente. El paciente aquejaba disfonía de corta duración, detectándose un nódulo en cuerda vocal derecha, que fue extirpado. Una proliferación celular fusiforme, fasciculada, sobre una matriz colagenosa densa. Atipia moderada, actividad mitótica (>10× CGA), con un índice de proliferación celular del 10%, fue observada. La celularidad demostró positividad para vimentina, actina músculo específica, con negatividad para desmina, ALK, p53, citoqueratinas (AE1/AE3, 5/6 y 18), EMA, PAGF, S100, CD34, CD68 y CD99 (AU)

Quiste linfoepitelial pancreático. Caracterización morfológica y dificultades en el diagnóstico radiológico / The morphological characteristics of lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas and the problems in its radiological diagnosis

Las lesiones quísticas verdaderas del páncreas son entidades raras que, a pesar de los avances radiológicos y de las técnicas de abordaje quirúrgico, aún siguen mostrando problemas de diagnóstico diferencial. Presentamos el caso de un varón joven con una masa abdominal asintomática, que fue interpretada por TC como una tumoración probablemente sólida localizada en el cuerpo pancreático, y por RM como una neoplasia quística, manejándose diferentes diagnósticos que variaban entre neoplasia papilar y sólida, tumor intraductal papilar mucinoso de páncreas o cistoadenoma/cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso pancreático. El diagnóstico histopatológico determinó la naturaleza quística benigna linfoepitelial de la lesión. La comunicación entre radiólogos, cirujanos y patólogos es de especial relevancia en este tipo de patología, ya que con procedimientos diagnósticos sencillos puede evitarse una cirugía con excesiva morbilidad(AU)

True lymphoepithelial cysts of the pancreas are rare entities which still pose a diagnostic challenge, despite the latest radiological and surgical advances. We present a case of young male who presented with an asymptomatic abdominal mass. An abdominal CT reported it as a probable solid tumour located in the body of the pancreas, whist the MR showed a cystic neoplasm. Various differential diagnoses were considered, such as papillary neoplasm, solid epithelial neoplasm, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas or mucinous cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. However, histopathology revealed its benign, cystic lymphoepithelial nature. Close collaboration between radiologists, surgeons and pathologists is especially crucial for this lesion, since simple diagnostic procedures can prevent high risk surgery(AU)

Hidroadenoma papilífero vulvar. Presentación de un caso / Hidroadenoma papilliferum: a case report

El hidroadenoma papilífero (HP) es un tumor benigno de la vulva infrecuente que crece principalmente en la piel de la región anogenital de mujeres adultas. Puede plantear problemas de diagnóstico diferencial con los quistes y abscesos de la glándula de Bartolino, con el lipoma y con lesiones vulvares premalignas/y malignas. Se ha sugerido que pudiera derivar de glándulas análogas a las mamarias dispuestas a lo largo de la región vulvar y perineal femenina. Presentamos un caso de HP que se extirpó en una mujer de 32 años que tenía el antecedente de un parto por cesárea 5 meses atrás (AU)

Hidroadenoma papilliferum (HP) is a rare benign tumor of the vulva that grows mainly in the skin of the anogenital region of adult women. The differential diagnosis between this neoplasm and Bartholin cysts and abscesses, lipoma and some premalignant and malignant vulvar lesions can be difficult. HP may arise from mammary-like glands located in the vulvar and perineal region of women. We report a case of HP that was removed in a 32-year-old woman who had undergone a cesarean delivery 5 months previously (AU)

Hidropesía fetal secundario a hemangioma cavernoso y síndrome polimalformativo / Fetal hydrops secondary to cavernous hemangioma and polymalformation syndrome

Presentamos un caso de hidropesía fetal no inmunitaria diagnosticada en la semana 32 de embarazo que finalizó con defunción fetal. Tras la necropsia se comprobó la coexistencia de un síndrome malformativo no filiado junto a la existencia de una tumoración hepática que invadía la cavidad torácica. Analizamos la posible asociación causal de ambos hallazgos (AU)

We report a case of non-immune fetal hydrops diagnosed at 32 weeks of pregnancy that ended in foetal death. Following the autopsy an unknown malformation syndrome was found together with a liver tumour that invaded the chest cavity. We analyse the possible causal association of both findings (AU)

[Testicular epidermoid cyst]. / Quiste epidermoide testicular.

OBJECTIVE: Testicular epidermoid cysts are rare and can be clinically misleading with other testicular neoplasms. We describe a case of epidermal cyst of the testis, with the aim to contribute to the clinicopathological knowledge of this entity. METHODS: A 24-year-old caucasian man presented with a self-detected right testicular mass. Ultrasound features were consistent with solid tumor. He underwent an inguinal radical orchyectomy. RESULTS: An intraparenchymal cyst measuring 1,4 cm was observed, covered by epidermal epithelium with no other skin components. Adnexal testicular pulp was normal. CONCLUSIONS: When a preoperative diagnosis is made, a conservative treatment is recommendable, including frozen sections analysis of the cyst and adjacent testicular parenchyma to rule out a coexistent intratubular germ cell neoplasia.

Quiste epidermoide testicular / Testicular epidermoid cyst

Objetivos: Los quistes epidermoides testiculares son muy infrecuentes y su diagnóstico preoperatorio suele plantear dificultades. Describimos un caso de quiste epidérmico testicular con el ánimo de contribuir al conocimiento clinicopatológico de esta entidad. Métodos: El caso clínico corresponde a un hombre de 24 años que consultó por una masa en testículo derecho, detectada por autopalpación, que por ecografía se etiquetó de tumor sólido. El paciente fue sometido a una orquiectomía radical. Resultados: Macroscópicamente se identificó una lesión quística intratesticular de 1,4 cm, que histológicamente estaba tapizada por una epidermis sin anejos, con abundantes láminas de queratina intraluminales; la pulpa testicular adyacente carecía de alteraciones. Conclusiones: Si los datos preoperatorios apoyan el diagnóstico de quiste epidérmico es razonable realizar un tratamiento conservador, que debe comprender estudio anatomopatológico intraoperatorio, incluyendo examen microscópico del quiste y del parénquima anexo para descartar la coexistencia de una neoplasia germinal intratubular (AU)

Objective: Testicular epidermoid cysts are rare and can be clinically misleading with other testicular neoplasms. We describe a case of epidermal cyst of the testis, with the aim to contribute to the clinicopathological knowledge of this entity. Methods: A 24-year-old caucasian man presented with a self-detected right testicular mass. Ultrasound features were consistent with solid tumor. He underwent an inguinal radical orchyectomy. Results: An intraparenchymal cyst measuring 1,4 cm was observed, covered by epidermal epithelium with no other skin components. Adnexal testicular pulp was normal. Conclusions: When a preoperative diagnosis is made, a conservative treatment is recommendable, including frozen sections analysis of the cyst and adjacent testicular parenchyma to rule out a coexistent intratubular germ cell neoplasia (AU)