Brote de bacteriemia por Burkholderia cepacia en una unidad de hemodiálisis de Cádiz, 2014 / An outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia in a hemodialysis unit, Cadiz, 2014

INTRODUCCIÓN: En enero de 2014 se conoció la existencia de un posible brote de bacteriemia por Burkholderia cepacia en un centro concertado de hemodiálisis en La Línea de la Concepción (Cádiz). Se inició una investigación para determinar la causa del brote y establecer medidas de control. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los pacientes afectados por bacteriemia por Burkholderia cepacia desde noviembre de 2013 hasta febrero de 2014 y de las posibles características comunes entre cada uno de ellos. Se tomaron muestras de diferentes zonas y superficies buscando el origen el brote. Se realizó estudio de tipificación molecular mediante electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (Spel PFGE) y análisis mediante MLST en centro de referencia para determinar la similitud genética de las cepas aisladas. RESULTADOS: En el periodo de estudio se aisló la bacteria en los hemocultivos de 7 pacientes, en 3 muestras de sellado (líquido endoluminal) de catéteres (2 de ellos fueron también casos) y en 4 muestras de botes de clorhexidina. Los pacientes eran coincidentes en 2 de los 6 turnos de diálisis. La edad media de los casos fue de 67 años. El 57% fueron mujeres. Se analizó la relación clonal entre casos y una muestra ambiental y resultaron ser idénticos genéticamente (clon ST653). CONCLUSIONES: Se confirmó la presencia de un brote de Burkholderia cepacia con 7 casos entre pacientes que estaban siendo hemodializados. El brote fue debido a una misma cepa con una fuente probablemente común y una transmisión secundaria de persona a persona

INTRODUCTION: In January 2014 a possible outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia occurred in a hemodialysis center situated in La Linea de la Concepción (Cadiz). An investigation was begun to confirm the outbreak, identify the source, and implement control measures. METHODS: A descriptive analysis was performed to describe the characteristics of the patients affected with Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia from November 2013 to February 2014. Environmental samples were taken. A molecular typing study was performed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (SpeI PFGE) and MLST analysis in order to determine the genetic similarity between the isolates. RESULTS: The bacterium was isolated from blood cultures of 7 patients during the study period. Three of the samples (2 of which were also cases) were endoluminal fluid from catheter locks, and 4 chlorhexidine bottle samples. The patients were coincident in 2 of the 6 work shifts. The mean age of the cases was 67 years of whom 57% were women. Human samples and an environmental sample was analyzed and found to be genetically identical (ST653 clone). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis confirmed the outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia, with 7 cases among the patients of the hemodialysis center. The outbreak was due to the same strain, probably a common source and secondary transmission from person to person

[An outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia in a hemodialysis unit, Cadiz, 2014]. / Brote de bacteriemia por Burkholderia cepacia en una unidad de hemodiálisis de Cádiz, 2014.

INTRODUCTION: In January 2014 a possible outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia occurred in a hemodialysis center situated in La Linea de la Concepción (Cadiz). An investigation was begun to confirm the outbreak, identify the source, and implement control measures. METHODS: A descriptive analysis was performed to describe the characteristics of the patients affected with Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia from November 2013 to February 2014. Environmental samples were taken. A molecular typing study was performed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (SpeI PFGE) and MLST analysis in order to determine the genetic similarity between the isolates. RESULTS: The bacterium was isolated from blood cultures of 7 patients during the study period. Three of the samples (2 of which were also cases) were endoluminal fluid from catheter locks, and 4 chlorhexidine bottle samples. The patients were coincident in 2 of the 6 work shifts. The mean age of the cases was 67 years of whom 57% were women. Human samples and an environmental sample was analyzed and found to be genetically identical (ST653 clone). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis confirmed the outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia, with 7 cases among the patients of the hemodialysis center. The outbreak was due to the same strain, probably a common source and secondary transmission from person to person.