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1.
Curr Pharm Des ; 26(22): 2642-2656, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32410554

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Currently, daily consumption of green herb functional food or medicinal herbs has increased as adopted by many people worldwide as a way of life or even as an alternative to the use of synthetic medicines. Phytochemicals, which are a series of compounds of relatively complex structures and restricted distribution in plants, usually perform the defensive functions for plants against insects, bacteria, fungi or other pathogenic factors. A series of studies have found their effectiveness in the treatment or prevention of systemic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, Crohn's disease and so on. OBJECTIVE: This review systematizes the literature on the mechanisms of the phytochemicals that react against unique free radicals and prevent the oxidative stress and also summarizes their role in gut microbiota inhibiting bacterial translocation and damage to the intestinal barrier and improving the intestinal membrane condition. CONCLUSION: The gut microbiota modulation and antioxidant activities of the phytochemicals shall be emphasized on the research of the active principles of the phytochemicals.


Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Plants, Medicinal , Humans , Intestines , Oxidative Stress , Phytochemicals/pharmacology
2.
Amino Acids ; 49(12): 2091-2098, 2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28929442

ABSTRACT

Methionine is an aliphatic, sulfur-containing, essential amino acid, and a precursor of succinyl-CoA, homocysteine, cysteine, creatine, and carnitine. Recent research has demonstrated that methionine can regulate metabolic processes, the innate immune system, and digestive functioning in mammals. It also intervenes in lipid metabolism, activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as methionine sulfoxide reductase A, and the biosynthesis of glutathione to counteract oxidative stress. In addition, methionine restriction prevents altered methionine/transmethylation metabolism, thereby decreasing DNA damage and carcinogenic processes and possibly preventing arterial, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the role of methionine in metabolism, oxidative stress, and related diseases.


Subject(s)
Methionine/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Animals , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Humans , Immunity, Innate , Kidney Diseases/physiopathology , Lipid Metabolism , Liver Diseases/physiopathology , Neoplasms/physiopathology , Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology
3.
Biomed Res Int ; 2016: 1352146, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28042566

ABSTRACT

Medicinal extract has been chronicled extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. Isoquinoline alkaloids, extract of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br., have been used as feed additive in both swine and poultry. Dietary supplementation with isoquinoline alkaloids increases feed intake and weight gain. In addition, recent researches have demonstrated that isoquinoline alkaloids can regulate metabolic processes, innate immune system, and digestive functioning in animals. This review summarizes the latest scientific researches on isoquinoline alkaloids which are extracted from Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. This review specifically focuses on its role as a feed supplement and its associated impact on growth performance and innate immune system, as well as its capacity to act as a substitute for oral antibiotics.


Subject(s)
Alkaloids/pharmacology , Immunity, Innate/drug effects , Isoquinolines/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Alkaloids/chemistry , Animal Feed , Animals , Dietary Supplements , Humans , Isoquinolines/chemistry , Papaveraceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Poultry , Swine , Weight Gain/drug effects
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