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1.
Work ; 66(4): 777-788, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32925139

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Telework has been widely studied by public and private organizations; however, in ergonomics, studies that focused on this topic are still sporadic. OBJECTIVE: Thus, this article endeavours to systematize the qualified scientific research related to ergonomics and teleworking to determine the main benefits and disadvantages and to identify the main issues addressed by authors. METHODS: A thorough research was conducted in the Scopus/Embase and Web of Science databases for this review. The following descriptors were used for the cataloguing of articles: "teleworking", "telecommuting", "telecommuters", "home office", "ergonomics" and "human factors". 36 studies were selected. RESULTS: The study highlights four relevant questions in the scientific literature: a) where is the discussion of these themes consolidated; b) what are the main descriptors related to the discussion; c) which journals and conferences establish a scientific debate on the topic; and d) what are its main advantages and disadvantages. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that telecommuting can be a valuable tool for balancing professional and family life, which helps to improve the well-being of workers; however, several factors can influence the overall remote working experience which leads to the need for companies to adopt unique strategies reflecting their unique situation.


Subject(s)
Ergonomics , Teleworking , Family Relations , Humans
2.
Work ; 41 Suppl 1: 2831-9, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22317148

ABSTRACT

Electrical systems can be categorized as critical systems where failure can result in significant financial loss, injury or threats to human life. The operators of the electric power control centers perform an activity in a specialized environment and have to carry it out by mobilizing knowledge and reasoning to which they have adequate training under the terms of the existing rules. To reach this there is a common mental request of personnel involved in these centers due the need to maintain attention, memory and reasoning request. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the Mental Workload of technical workers of the Control Centers of Electrical Energy. It was undertaken a research on operators control centers of the electricity sector in Northeast Brazil. It was used for systematic observations, followed by interview and application of the instrument National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index known as NASA-TLX. As a result there will be subsidies for an assessment of mental workload of operators, and a contribution to improving the processes of managing the operation of electric utilities and the quality of workers.


Subject(s)
Mental Fatigue/diagnosis , Power Plants , Workload/psychology , Brazil , Emotions , Environment , Ergonomics , Humans , Mental Fatigue/prevention & control , Mental Processes , Physical Exertion , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Fisioter. Bras ; 8(4): 261-267, jul.-ago. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-491287

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar forças e momentos na coluna lombar de borracheiros, durante suas atividades ocupacionais e diferenciá-los de acordo com suas massas corporais. Dois homens foram avaliados: sujeito 9 (46 anos; 95 kg; 1,59 m; 0,87 m da pelve ao chão; 10 anos de profissão) e sujeito 2 (18 anos; 61 kg; 1,57 m; 0,83 m da pelve ao chão; 3 anos de profissão). Ambos tiveram suas tarefas filmadas e avaliadas por meio do software Humanoid Articulation Reaction Simulation (HARSim). Foram selecionadas 11 posturas com flexão de tronco a: 1) 90º + 700N de força; 2) 90º + 350N de força; 3) 45º + 700N de força; 4) 45º + 350N de força; 5) 20º + flexão dos joelhos; 6) 45º + flexão dos joelhos; 7) 45º; 8) 90º; 9) 90º + rotação 20º; 10) 90º + rotação 10º; 11) 0°; e calculados: pressão intradiscal (PID), momento de flexão anterior (MFA), força de cisalhamento (Fcis) e força axial (Faxial). Em todas as posturas, o sujeito 9 apresentou maior Fcis (p = 0,023). Porém, a PID, o MFA, a Fcis e a Faxial foram, respectivamente, em média, 79,5% (8 posturas), 124% (7 posturas), 53,7% (6 posturas) e 43% (1 postura) acima dos limites estabelecidos pelo National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), para o sujeito 9, e de 94,2% (4 posturas), 88,4% (5 posturas), 66,3% (3 posturas) e 21% (1 postura), para o sujeito 2. O aumento da flexão do tronco e da massa corporal, aliados à rotação, na presença de cargas externas, podem gerar forças e momentos que promovam lesões vertebrais.


The aim of this study was to quantify forces and moments in the lumbar column of tire repairmen during their occupational activities and evaluate the outcome measures according to their corporal mass. Two men were evaluated: subject 9 (46 years; 95 kg; 1.59 m; 0.87 m from the pelvis to the floor; 10 years of working) and subject 2 (18 years; 61 kg; 1.57 m; 0.83 m from the pelvis to the floor; 3 years of working). They had their tasks filmed and evaluated by the software Humanoid Articulation Reaction Simulation (HARSim). Eleven postures were selected with trunk flexion at: 1) 90º + 700N of force; 2) 90º + 350N of force; 3) 45º + 700N of force; 4) 45º + 350N of force; 5) 20º + knee flexion; 6) 45º + knee flexion; 7) 45º; 8) 90º; 9) 90º+20º of rotation; 10) 90º + 10º of rotation; 11) 0°. Intradisk pressure (IDP), moment of anterior flexion (MAF), shear force (SF) and axial force (AxialF) were calculated in all postures. Subject 9 presented greater SF (p = 0,023) in all postures. However, IDP, MAF, SF and Axial F were 79.5% (8 postures), 124% (7 postures), 53.7% (6 postures) and 43% (1 posture), respectively, above the limits established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), for subject 9, and 94.2% (4 postures), 88.4% (5 postures), 66.3% (3 postures) and 21% (1 posture) for subject 2. The increase of trunk flexion and corporal mass associated with rotation and with external load can create forces and moments that contribute to vertebral injuries.


Subject(s)
Ergonomics , Posture , Stress, Physiological , Occupational Risks
4.
Fisioter. Bras ; 7(6): 404-410, nov.-dez. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-491173

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, qualitativamente, alterações na postura estática dos borracheiros de João Pessoa - PB, decorrentes de suas atividades de trabalho. A amostra constou de 9 sujeitos, do sexo masculino, com 30,5 ± 12,6 anos de idade, 10 ± 9,18 anos de trabalho, 73,2 ± 10,9kg de massa corporal, e 1,66 ± 0,07m de estatura. Eles se posicionaram sobre um estrado, alinhados a um simetrógrafo, e fotografados em posterior e perfil. A análise e classificação das modificações do alinhamento corporal foram feitas por meio do New York Posture Rating Test, em diversas estruturas anatômicas (pés, joelhos, pelve, abdome, tronco, ombros e cabeça), de 13 pontos do corpo. Os sujeitos 1, 2, 3, 7 e 8 (55,5%) foram classificados como portadores de alterações severas (49 a 51 pontos), e os sujeitos 4, 5, 6 e 9 (44,5%) de alterações moderadas (53 a 59 pontos). A dor esteve presente em 55% dos sujeitos (1, 4, 7, 8 e 9). Os resultados sugerem que o método de avaliação se mostrou adequado, e que as posturas assumidas nas tarefas podem causar deformidades, desconforto, dores e incapacidades funcionais temporárias, alertando para a necessidade da elaboração de uma cartilha sobre orientação postural, e da aplicação de programas de fisioterapia preventiva.


The aim of this study was to analyze, qualitatively, static postural alterations in tire repairmen from João Pessoa - PB, due to their work activities. A sample of 9 male subjects, in average age 30,5 ± 12,6 years, 10 ± 9,18 years of work, 73,2 ± 10,9 kg of body weight, and 1,66 ± 0,07m of height, was chosen. They were positioned on a frame, aligned with a squared wall, and photographed in sagittal and posterior planes. The analysis and classification of the postural alterations were made through the punctuation of the New York Posture Rating Test, in several anatomical structures (feet, knees, hip, abdomen, trunk, shoulders, and had), of 13 body points. The subjects 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8 (55,5%) were classified as porters of severe postural alterations, and the subjects 4, 5, 6 and 9 (44,5%), of moderate. The pain was present in 55% of the subjects (1, 4, 7, 8 and 9). The results suggest that the evaluation methods should adequate and that postures adopted in task can cause deformities, discomfort, pains and temporary functional incapacities, alerting to the need for the elaboration of one book about postural orientation, and for the application of preventive physical therapy programs.


Subject(s)
Biomechanical Phenomena , Evaluation Study , Ergonomics , Manipulation, Chiropractic , Body Patterning
5.
Rev. bras. ciênc. saúde ; 5(2): 141-148, 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-301657

ABSTRACT

Visando analisar alguns aspectos ergonômicos de dentistas do serviço público e privado na cidade de João Pessoa-PB, foi realizado um levantamento de dados, através de questionário sobre equipamento, mocho, posição de trabalho do CD e a utilização de pessoal auxiliar com 250 odontólogos. Verificou-se que 23,9 por cento no setor público e 55,6 por cento no privado, atua com equipamentos móveis e ajustáveis; 70,9 por cento dos pesquisados do serviço público e 94,0 por cento do privado possui mocho com encosto; 63,2 por cento do setor público e 93,6 por cento do privado tem mocho com regulagem na altura; 55,5 por cento dos mochos no setor público e 85,6 por cento no privado tem 5 rodízios e 8,5 por cento da amostra do setor público e 0,85 por cento do privado não possuem o mocho; 91,4 do setor público e 74,5 por cento do privado trabalham com a auxiliar. Conclui-se que o consultório odontológico do serviço privado apresentou condições mais satisfatórias ergonomicamente do que no setor público


Subject(s)
Dental Equipment , Dental Offices , Ergonomics
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