Long-term Results of Microvascular Lymph Node Transfer: Correlation of Preoperative Factors and Operation Outcome.

Our objective was to analyze whether a correlation could be observed between preoperative factors and microvascular lymph node transfer outcome after long-term follow-up. METHODS: We included 67 patients in this retrospective case series. The incidence of cellulitis, the difference of arm circumference, the use of the compression garments both preoperatively and postoperatively, and subjective symptoms, such as pain, were analyzed. Volumetry and lymphoscintigraphy results were also analyzed in a subgroup of patients. We correlated preoperative factors with postoperative results. RESULTS: After 70 ± 17 months of follow-up, 42% of the patients were able to discontinue the use of compression garments. The subjective pain symptoms were reduced in 75% of the patients. The incidence of cellulitis was reduced from preoperative 0.20 ± 0.55/y to postoperative 0.02 ± 0.08/y. As a novel finding, the patients with preoperative cellulitis were more likely to continue the use of the compression garments. CONCLUSIONS: The surgery is beneficial to most studied lymphedema patients, although it is not the cure for all patients. The incidence of cellulitis was reduced, and further, the presence of preoperative cellulitis seems to affect the outcome of the operation.

Lymphatic vessel function and lymphatic growth factor secretion after microvascular lymph node transfer in lymphedema patients.

BACKGROUND: Recent reports have shown that microvascular lymph node transfer may improve lymphatic drainage in lymphedema patients. Lymphatic anastomoses are expected to form spontaneously in response to lymphatic growth factor [vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C)] secreted by the transferred lymph nodes. METHODS: We have analyzed the results of 19 lymph node transfer patients operated on 2007-2012. Postoperat ive lymphatic function of the affected arm was evaluated using semiquantitative lymphoscintigraphy (transport index) and limb circumference measurements. To investigate the postoperative VEGF-C secretion, we examined axillary seroma fluid samples after different surgical operations, including lymph node transfer. RESULTS: The transport index was improved postoperatively in 7 of 19 patients. Ten of the 19 patients were able to reduce or even discontinue using compression garments. Arm circumferences were reduced in 12 of 19 patients. Six of the 7 patients with preoperative erysipelas infections have not had infectious episodes postoperatively during 15-67 months follow-up. Neuropathic pain was relieved in 5 of 5 patients. VEGF-C protein was detected in the axillary seroma fluid both after lymph node transfer and normal breast reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstructing the lymphatic anatomy of the axilla with a lymph node flap may offer possibilities that other reconstructive options are lacking. However, we will need further reports and comparative studies about the clinical efficacy of this new promising technique. In addition to the transferred lymph nodes, lymphatic growth factor production may also be induced by other factors related to microvascular breast reconstruction.

Donor-site lymphatic function after microvascular lymph node transfer.

BACKGROUND: Lymphedema remains a challenging clinical problem that often lacks curative treatment options. Recent reports have shown that microvascular lymph node transfer from the groin area into axillas of lymphedematous patients may improve lymphatic drainage, but the effect on donor-site lymphatic flow has not been studied. These patients may be more prone to develop lymphedema at donor sites as well; therefore, the authors' aim was to evaluate postoperative donor-site lymphatic function. METHODS: The authors performed lymphatic groin flap transfer to the axilla in 13 lymphedema patients. In 10 patients, the lymph node transfer was performed simultaneously with lower abdominal breast reconstruction. Postoperative lymphatic vessel function of the donor site was evaluated by lymphoscintigraphy and limb circumference measurements. For semiquantitative evaluation of lymphatic drainage, a numerical transport index was used. RESULTS: In six of 10 patients, postoperative lymphoscintigraphy revealed minor changes in lymphatic flow of the donor-site limbs. The transport index was considered slightly abnormal in two of 10 patients. None of the 13 patients had changes in lower limb circumferences during the 8- to 56-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node transfer can be easily combined with lower abdominal breast reconstruction, and the popularity of this technique is increasing rapidly. Even though none of our patients had developed symptoms of postoperative lymphedema, the results of the first lymphoscintigrams show that it is important to reduce the surgical trauma to the lymphatic flap donor site. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

Cardiac Function, Perfusion, Metabolism, and Innervation following Autologous Stem Cell Therapy for Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. A FINCELL-INSIGHT Sub-Study with PET and MRI.

PURPOSE: Beneficial mechanisms of bone marrow cell (BMC) therapy for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarct (STEMI) are largely unknown in humans. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility of serial positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI studies to provide insight into the effects of BMCs on the healing process of ischemic myocardial damage. METHODS: Nineteen patients with successful primary reteplase thrombolysis (mean 2.4 h after symptoms) for STEMI were randomized for BMC therapy (2.9 × 10(6) CD34+ cells) or placebo after bone marrow aspiration in a double-blind, multi-center study. Three days post-MI, coronary angioplasty, and paclitaxel eluting stent implantation preceded either BMC or placebo therapy. Cardiac PET and MRI studies were performed 7-12 days after therapies and repeated after 6 months, and images were analyzed at a central core laboratory. RESULTS: In BMC-treated patients, there was a decrease in [(11)C]-HED defect size (-4.9 ± 4.0 vs. -1.6 ± 2.2%, p = 0.08) and an increase in [(18)F]-FDG uptake in the infarct area at risk (0.06 ± 0.09 vs. -0.05 ± 0.16, p = 0.07) compared to controls, as well as less left ventricular dilatation (-4.4 ± 13.3 vs. 8.0 ± 16.7 mL/m(2), p = 0.12) at 6 months follow-up. However, BMC treatment was inferior to placebo in terms of changes in rest perfusion in the area at risk (-0.09 ± 0.17 vs. 0.10 ± 0.17, p = 0.03) and infarct size (0.4 ± 4.2 vs. -5.1 ± 5.9 g, p = 0.047), and no effect was observed on ejection fraction (p = 0.37). CONCLUSION: After the acute phase of STEMI, BMC therapy showed only minor trends of long-term benefit in patients with rapid successful thrombolysis. There was a trend of more decrease in innervation defect size and enhanced glucose metabolism in the infarct-related myocardium and also a trend of less ventricular dilatation in the BMC-treated group compared to placebo. However, no consistently better outcome was observed in the BMC-treated group compared to placebo.