ABSTRACT
On 31 of July 2019, the Public Health Agency of Sweden was alerted about an increasing number of tularaemia cases in Gävleborg, a county in central Sweden. The number of cases increased thereafter peaking at about 150 reports of illnesses every week. As at 6 October, a total of 979 cases (734 laboratory-confirmed) have been reported, mainly from counties in central Sweden. The outbreak is now considered over (as at 14 October).
Subject(s)
Aedes/microbiology , Disease Outbreaks , Francisella tularensis/genetics , Francisella tularensis/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Tularemia/epidemiology , Animals , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Mosquito Vectors , Sweden/epidemiology , Tularemia/diagnosis , Tularemia/microbiologyABSTRACT
It is a challenge to differentiate between HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and other types of neurocognitive disease in the ageing HIV-infected population. Here we describe a 63 year old HIV-infected woman who had a history, neuropsychological test result, and PET examination consistent with characteristic Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profile was analogous to the profile typically found in AD in HIV-negative patients with increased t-tau and p-tau, a decreased level of Aß42 and normal levels of CSF neurofilament light protein and sAPPα and sAPPß, distinctly different from findings in HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Assessment of CSF biomarkers may be a valuable tool for clinicians to distinguish between HAD and AD.
ABSTRACT
In this report, we present the first known case of Bartonella endocarditis in Sweden. IgG antibody titres to Bartonella spp. were elevated but blood cultures remained negative. Sequencing of a gltA fragment from DNA extracted from heart valve tissue specimens revealed sequence homology with B. quintana.
