ABSTRACT
Pamidronate is a bisphosphonate drug widely utilized in veterinary oncologic practice for the palliation of malignant osteolysis. Pamidronate has not been previously reported to cause tissue injury upon extravasation in dogs. The medical records of 11 client-owned dogs undergoing palliative treatment for primary bone tumors with known or suspected pamidronate extravasation reactions were reviewed. The majority of adverse events were low grade in nature, however in some cases, the reactions were severe and led to euthanasia in one instance. Time to complete resolution of lesions ranged from within several days to greater than one and a half months. Aside from the dog that was euthanized, no long-term sequelae of extravasation were identified. Treatments employed to address the reactions varied widely. Pamidronate extravasation reaction appears to be an uncommon, but potentially serious complication of intravenous administration.
Subject(s)
Blood Vessels/drug effects , Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects , Bone Neoplasms/veterinary , Diphosphonates/adverse effects , Dog Diseases/chemically induced , Osteolysis/veterinary , Animals , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Bone Neoplasms/complications , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Dogs , Female , Male , Osteolysis/drug therapy , Osteolysis/etiology , Pamidronate , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Cyclodextrins as cyclic hexa-(alpha) to octa-(gamma) saccharides are widely and successfully used after esterification or etherification as stationary phases in gas chromatography for the separation of chiral compounds. Their basic potential as thermostable stationary phases as such or after derivatisation offers a unique spectrum of interactions ranging from hydrogen bonding to shape selectivity. Similar properties as thermostable stationary phases are shown by long-chain saccharide ethers (chain-length C8-C20), which are normally used as non-ionic detergents.