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1.
Lancet Infect Dis ; 24(3): 275-284, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38109921

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) is now authorised by a WHO emergency use listing and widely distributed to interrupt outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2. As protection of vulnerable populations, particularly young infants, could be facilitated by shorter intervals between the two recommended doses, we aimed to assess safety and non-inferiority of immunogenicity of nOPV2 in 1-week, 2-week, and 4-week schedules. METHODS: In this phase 3, open-label, randomised trial, healthy, full-term, infants aged 6-8 weeks from a hospital or a clinic in the Dominican Republic were randomly allocated (1:1:1 ratio) using a pre-prepared, computer-generated randomisation schedule to three groups to receive two doses of nOPV2 immunisations with a 1-week interval (group A), 2-week interval (group B), or 4-week interval (group C). The nOPV2 vaccine was given at a 0·1 mL dose and contained at least 105 50% cell culture infective dose. Neutralising antibodies against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were measured before each immunisation and 4 weeks after the second dose. The primary outcome was the type 2 seroconversion rate 28 days after the second dose, and the non-inferiority margin was defined as a lower bound 95% CI of greater than -10%. Safety and reactogenicity were assessed through diary cards completed by the parent or guardian. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05033561. FINDINGS: We enrolled 905 infants between Dec 16, 2021, and March 28, 2022. 872 infants were included in the per-protocol analyses: 289 in group A, 293 in group B, and 290 in group C. Type 2 seroconversion rates were 87·5% (95% CI 83·2 to 91·1) in group A (253 of 289 participants), 91·8% (88·1 to 94·7) in group B (269 of 293 participants), and 95·5% (92·5 to 97·6) in group C (277 of 290 participants). Non-inferiority was shown for group B compared with group C (difference in rates -3·7; 95% CI -7·9 to 0·3), but not for group A compared with group C (-8·0; -12·7 to -3·6). 4 weeks after the second nOPV2 dose, type 2 neutralising antibodies increased in all three groups such that over 95% of each group was seroprotected against polio type 2, although final geometric mean titres tended to be highest with longer intervals between doses. Immunisation with nOPV2 was well tolerated with no causal association to vaccination of any severe or serious adverse event; one death from septic shock during the study was unrelated to the vaccine. INTERPRETATION: Two nOPV2 doses administered 1 week or 2 weeks apart from age 6 weeks to 8 weeks were safe and immunogenic. Immune responses after a 2-week interval were non-inferior to those after the standard 4-week interval, but marked responses after a 1-week interval suggest that schedules with an over 1-week interval can be used to provide flexibility to campaigns to improve coverage and hasten protection during circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 outbreaks. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.


Subject(s)
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral , Poliovirus , Infant , Humans , Dominican Republic , Immunization Schedule , Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated , Antibodies, Neutralizing , Immunogenicity, Vaccine , Antibodies, Viral
2.
Ocotal, Nueva Segovia; s.n; mar. 2019. 53 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015428

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar epidemiológicamente la tuberculosis en pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Escuela Universitario, Tegucigalpa Honduras 2017. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal desarrollado en el Hospital Escuela Universitario, con una muestra de 158 pacientes con tuberculosis. Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos y los indicadores reportados por el Hospital. RESULTADOS: El 51% procedían de Francisco Morazán, el 9% de Choluteca y 6% de Comayagua y El Paraíso y 24% de otros departamentos. El 61% eran hombres y 39% mujeres. 28% de los pacientes se encontraban en una edad de 65 años y más. Con una edad promedio de 48 años. el de menor edad de 2 años y el de mayor edad 92 años.; el 77% de los pacientes eran nuevos y siguientes, con una reactivación y recaída del 1%. El 56% de los pacientes se clasificaron con tuberculosis pulmonar y 41% tuberculosis extra. Al 46% de los pacientes se le realizó serología por VIH; El 40 % de los pacientes con tuberculosis presentaron comorbilidad, siendo la más frecuente el VIH 62%. Un 24% de pacientes fallecieron. En el año 2017 y 2018 se observó un aumento en la prevalencia de tuberculosis de 1.84y 2.07, en comparación con años anteriores. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los pacientes eran hombres, con predominio de edad de mayores de 65 años y en su mayoría procedían del distrito central. Se observó que la mayoría eran pacientes nuevos, más de la mitad de los casos se clasificaron como tuberculosis pulmonar, con predominio de comorbilidad VIH. En el último año aumentó la prevalencia y letalidad por TB en el Hospital


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis , Patient Discharge Summaries , Epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
3.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc ; 4(3): 242-51, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26336604

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Influenza attack rates are high in 6- to 35-month-old children; vaccines containing both lineages of influenza B (Yamagata and Victoria), in addition to the H3N2 and H1N1 antigens, may improve protection rates. METHODS: In a randomized double-blind controlled trial, the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) and a trivalent control vaccine (TIV) were assessed. RESULTS: Six hundred one children (QIV, n = 299; TIV, n = 302) were enrolled at 8 sites in 3 countries. The primary immunogenicity objective was met: the lower limit (LL) of the 2-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) for the seroconversion rate in QIV recipients ranged from 66.6% to 81.3%, which was ≥40% against all 4 strains. The immunogenic superiority of the additional B/Victoria strain in the QIV compared to that in the TIV was confirmed: the LL of the 2-sided 95% CI of the geometric mean titer ratio (QIV/TIV) (6.28 [95% CI, 5.32-7.41]) was greater than 1.5, and the LL of the 2-sided 95% CI for the difference in the seroconversion rate (QIV - TIV) (64.19% [95% CI, 57.65%-69.95%]) was greater than 10%. Injection-site pain and irritability/fussiness were the most commonly reported solicited injection-site and general adverse events, respectively, from days 0 to 6 and were similar in frequency between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In children aged 6 to 35 months, a QIV has superior immunogenicity for the added B strain and acceptable immunogenicity for shared strains, with no notable difference in reactogenicity and safety when compared to a TIV.


Subject(s)
Influenza B virus , Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects , Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology , Canada , Child, Preschool , Dominican Republic , Double-Blind Method , Female , Honduras , Humans , Immunogenicity, Vaccine , Infant , Influenza B virus/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza, Human/immunology , Injections, Intramuscular , Male , Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
4.
Edumecentro ; 6(3): 95-110, sep.-dic. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-721257

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: la evaluación periódica de una publicación seriada a través de indicadores bibliométricos permite obtener resultados objetivos y observar sus tendencias. Objetivo: describir la producción científica de la revista EDUMECENTRO. Métodos: se realizó un estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, se tomaron como muestra los 255 artículos publicados en el período 2009-2013. De la estadística descriptiva se utilizaron las frecuencias absolutas, el porcentaje y el promedio; los resultados obtenidos se presentaron en tablas y gráficos para su mejor interpretación. Resultados: se incrementa considerablemente la cantidad de artículos publicados en la revista en el quinquenio, la mayoría de los autores residen en Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Se observan como tendencias el incremento del número de artículos originales y la disminución de las comunicaciones breves. La mayoría de los primeros autores ostentan la categoría docente de profesor auxiliar y el título académico de másteres en ciencias. El diseño curricular y su perfeccionamiento en las carreras de las ciencias de la salud y la educación de postgrado y sus transformaciones, resultaron los temas que se abordan con una frecuencia mayor. Se encontraron discretos resultados en cuanto al porciento de actualización de las referencias bibliográficas y un buen número de publicaciones seriadas cubanas consultadas por los autores. Conclusiones: luego de analizar el comportamiento de algunos indicadores bibliométricos en los primeros cinco años de existencia de EDUMECENTRO, puede considerarse que los resultados son satisfactorios. Las recomendaciones que de ellos se derivan permitirán mejorar la gestión y la visibilidad de los artículos de este espacio divulgativo.


Background: the periodic evaluation of a serial publication through bibliometric indicators allows to obtain objective results and to observe its trends. Objective: to describe the scientific production of the journal EDUMECENTRO. Methods: a bibliometric, descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was done. The sample taken were the 255 articles published in the period 2009-2013. From the descriptive statistics, the absolute frequencies, the percentage and the average were used. The results obtained were presented in tables and graphs for their better interpretation. Results: the amount of articles published in the quinquennium was increased considerably, and most authors were residents in Santa Clara, Villa Clara. The trends observed were the increase in the number of original articles and the decrease in the brief communications. Most of the first authors had the teaching rank of Associate Professor, and the academic degree of Masters of Science. The curriculum design and its perfecting in the studies of medical sciences, and the postgraduate education and its development, were the themes that appeared with the highest frequency. Discreet results were found regarding the percentage of updating of the bibliographic references, and a considerable number of Cuban serial publications were consulted by the authors. Conclusions: after analyzing some bibliometric indicators in the first five years of existence of EDUMECENTRO, it may be considered that the results are satisfactory. The recommendations derived from these results will allow to improve the management and the visibility of the articles from this communication space.


Subject(s)
Serial Publications , Bibliometrics , Scientific Publication Indicators
5.
J Contin Educ Nurs ; 36(4): 153-62; quiz 185-6, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16121493

ABSTRACT

Professional nurses are challenged by the increasing complexity of their own healthcare delivery systems and by the growing interconnectivity of healthcare systems worldwide. There are increasing calls for practice across boundaries; however, the role and scope of nursing practice within individual countries are often unclear, ill-defined, and misunderstood by nurses from other countries. In this collaborative educational project among six schools of nursing located in Canada, México, and the United States, nursing students and faculty are exploring the role of the nurse within each country's healthcare system while striving to develop their multicultural awareness. Participating faculty describe the process, challenges, and keys to success found in creating and living this international project. They share strategies for addressing challenges, which included meeting deadlines, time differences, differing academic schedules, writing joint documents in two languages, designing and presenting a shared course, and creating an exchange process between the six partner schools. They describe the evolution of their working relationships, the language challenges, and the joy of coming together as newfound colleagues and friends.


Subject(s)
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/organization & administration , International Educational Exchange , Nurse's Role , Transcultural Nursing/education , Attitude of Health Personnel , Attitude to Health/ethnology , Canada , Communication Barriers , Cooperative Behavior , Cultural Diversity , Faculty, Nursing/organization & administration , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Mexico , Nursing Education Research , Professional Autonomy , Program Development , Program Evaluation , Schools, Nursing/organization & administration , Students, Nursing/psychology , Transcultural Nursing/organization & administration , United States
6.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-345435

ABSTRACT

La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar la participación de los alumnos en las actividades de mejoría de nota, exámenes de premio o ambos, en los cursos académicos 1997-1998, 1998-1999 y 1999-2000, correspondientes a las carreras de Medicina y Licenciatura en Enfermería de los cursos regulares diurnos y para trabajadores. Se aplicaron encuestas a 148 estudiantes de segundo, tercero y cuarto años que estudiaban estas especialidades y tenían posibilidades de participar en estos exámenes. Se conoció que de 144 alumnos (97 por ciento) con posibilidad de mejorar nota, la utilizaron un 70 por ciento de los mismos. De los alumnos encuestados, 68 (46 por ciento) participaron en examen de premio; el resto no reunía los requisitos o no le interesó participar. Fueron encuestados 82 profesores de amplia trayectoria docente para obtener sus criterios en relación con la participación y motivación de los alumnos en estas actividades; se exploraron las causas asociadas a este comportamiento y se expresaron sugerencias de profesores y alumnos para mejorar la presencia estudiantil en las mismas


Subject(s)
Educational Measurement/methods
7.
Salud ment ; Salud ment;21(3): 26-31, mayo-jun. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-243154

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajo reporta el proceso psicométrico realizado en la Ciudad de México para estandarizar el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (Beck Depression Inventory, BD). Se realizaron tres estudios. El primero siguió los lineamientos internacionalmente establecidos para traducir y adaptar instrumentos de evaluación psicológica. La muestra normativa fue de 1508 personas adultas de entre 15 y 65 años de edad. La confiabilidad por consistencia interna obtenida fue: alfa de Cronbach = 0.87, p < .000. El análisis factorial mostró que la versión mexicana, al igual que la original, se compone por tres factores. Por último se obtuvieron las tablas normativas tanto para estudiantes como por la población general. El segundo, evaluó la validez concurrente entre el BDI y la Escala de Zung en una muestra de 120 personas con diagnóstico psiquiátrico de depresión y con edades de entre 17 y 72 años. La correlación estadística entre ambas escalas fue: r = 0.70, p < .000. El tercer estudio, evaluó nuevamente la validez consurrente entre el BDI y la Escala de Zung, pero esta vez en una población de 546 estudiantes de bachillerato, con edades entre 15 y 23 años. La correlación estadística entre ambas escalas fue: r = 0.65, p < .000. Se concluye que el BDI desarrollado en este estudio cumple con los requisitos psicométricos de confiabilidad y validez requeridos psicométricamente para evaluar los niveles de depresión en residentes de la ciudad de México. Finalmente, se resalta la importancia de dar cumplimiento cabal al proceso psicométrico y a los lineamientos internacionalmente aceptados para la traducción y adaptación de instrumentos de medición psicológica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Reproducibility of Results , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
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