Historia natural de la piuria y microhematuria después de la cirugía de próstata / Natural History of Pyuria and Microhematuria After Prostate Surgery

Objetivo: Las alteraciones del examen general de orina (EGO) son comunes después de la cirugía prostática. Sin embargo, el tiempo de normalización no ha sido establecido. La presencia de estas alteraciones puede propiciar abordajes diagnósticos innecesarios. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el tiempo de normalización para ambos parámetros. Material y métodos: Estudiamos pacientes sometidos a cirugía prostática sin complicaciones infecciosas durante su seguimiento. Incluimos pacientes sometidos a resección transuretral de próstata (RTUP) con energía monopolar y bipolar y a prostatectomía abierta (PA). Se utilizaron curvas de Kaplan-Meier para determinar el tiempo de persistencia. Se utilizó ANOVA para comparar los 3 grupos de acuerdo a la cirugía. Analizamos el impacto del uso preoperatorio de inhibidores de la 5-alfa reductasa y correlacionamos el peso del tejido resecado con la persistencia de ambos parámetros. Resultados: Analizamos 85 pacientes: 44 sometidos a RTUP monopolar, 27 a RTUP bipolar y 14 a PA. El tiempo de persistencia de piuria fue significativamente mayor que el de microhematuria, con una mediana de 274 vs 176 días. Estos resultados no se vieron afectados por el tipo de energía utilizada, ni por el uso de inhibidores de la 5-alfa reductasa. Encontramos una correlación entre el peso del tejido resecado y la persistencia de piuria posterior a cirugía endoscópica: 23 g (fue el mejor punto de corte). Conclusiones: La piuria persiste más que la microhematuria independientemente del tipo de cirugía. Existe una correlación entre el tejido resecado y la persistencia de piuria. La presencia de estas alteraciones después de la cirugía prostática no siempre es un hallazgo patológico (AU)

Objective: Urinalysis alterations are common after prostatic surgery. However, time to normalization has not been established. Presence of pyuria and microhematuria can lead to unnecessary diagnostic procedures. The objective of this study is to determine the time to normalization for both parameters. Materials and methods: We reviewed medical records of patients who underwent prostatic surgery without infectious complications during follow-up. We included patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with either monopolar or bipolar energy, or open prostatectomy (OP). Kaplan–Meier curves were used to determine the time of persistence of both parameters. ANOVA was used to compare the 3 groups according to the type of surgery. We analyzed the impact of preoperative use of 5-α-reductase inhibitors, and searched for a correlation between the weight of resected tissue and persistence of both parameters. Results: 85 patients were analyzed: 44 underwent monopolar TURP, 27 bipolar TURP, and 14 OP. Persistence of pyuria was significantly longer than microhematuria with a median of 274 days vs. 176 days. Neither the use of monopolar or bipolar energy, nor the use of preoperative 5α-reductase inhibitors affected the persistence time. We found a positive correlation between the resected tissue weight and the persistence of leukocyturia after endoscopic surgery: 23 g was the best cut-off point. Conclusions: Pyuria persists longer than microhematuria regardless of the type of surgery. There is a correlation between the resected tissue weight and the persistence of this feature. The presence of pyuria and microhematuria after prostatic surgery is not always a pathological finding (AU)

Natural history of pyuria and microhematuria after prostate surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Urinalysis alterations are common after prostatic surgery. However, time to normalization has not been established. Presence of pyuria and microhematuria can lead to unnecessary diagnostic procedures. The objective of this study is to determine the time to normalization for both parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records of patients who underwent prostatic surgery without infectious complications during follow-up. We included patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with either monopolar or bipolar energy, or open prostatectomy (OP). Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine the time of persistence of both parameters. ANOVA was used to compare the 3 groups according to the type of surgery. We analyzed the impact of preoperative use of 5-α-reductase inhibitors, and searched for a correlation between the weight of resected tissue and persistence of both parameters. RESULTS: 85 patients were analyzed: 44 underwent monopolar TURP, 27 bipolar TURP, and 14 OP. Persistence of pyuria was significantly longer than microhematuria with a median of 274 days vs. 176 days. Neither the use of monopolar or bipolar energy, nor the use of preoperative 5α-reductase inhibitors affected the persistence time. We found a positive correlation between the resected tissue weight and the persistence of leukocyturia after endoscopic surgery: 23 g was the best cut-off point. CONCLUSIONS: Pyuria persists longer than microhematuria regardless of the type of surgery. There is a correlation between the resected tissue weight and the persistence of pyuria. The presence of pyuria and microhematuria after prostatic surgery is not always a pathological finding.

Ordnance gelatine as an in vitro tissue simulation scaffold for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

In vitro shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) research is typically performed utilizing wet coupling lithotriptors with a mesh basket model. This model does not take into account shock wave energy attenuation through tissue. Models using dry coupling lithotriptors rely on immersion chambers and face similar limitations. Ordnance gelatin (OG) displays strength and viscous properties similar to human tissue and is therefore widely used for ballistic tissue injury research. We present our initial experience using an OG tissue simulating scaffold for dry coupling SWL research. Using 10% OG prepared in a disc-shaped mold (five stone wells/gel), we tested the model using a Modulith SLX-F2 lithotriptor and artificial stone phantoms. Following a test of concept run on an empty gel mold and a material integrity check for leakage, we shocked 60 stones (30 narrow focus [NF], 30 wide focus [WF]) in human pooled urine. Half were shocked using gels containing open-ended wells with the remainder closed-ended wells. Fragmentation coefficients (FC) were calculated across both foci and gel models. All gels successfully completed 5,000 shocks (1,000/well) without loss of gel integrity or fluid leakage. The mean FC using open-ended wells was 77.9 ± 7.6% NF and 74.4 ± 4.8% WF, and for closed wells 75.9 ± 8.0% NF and 67.1 ± 3.5% WF. The total model cost including the preparation of gels and begostones was assessed at approximately $1 per stone (Canadian). Ordnance gel serves as an excellent surrogate tissue shockwave scaffold providing an easily manufactured, reproducible and inexpensive model for dry coupling SWL research.

[Importance of microlithiasis in testicular germ cell tumor ultrasound]. / Importancia de microlitiasis en ultrasonido de neoplasias de células germinales de testículo.

INTRODUCTION: Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is an infrequent finding in testicular ultrasound and its clinical importance has not been completely defined. We analyzed the ultrasounds of patients with testicular germ cell tumors in order to analyze the correlation between TM, histological findings and clinical variables. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty-seven patients with germ cell tumors and radical orchiectomy were included. Clinical, pathological, and echographic data were analyzed. RESULTS: TM was observed in 27 men (48.27%) and was absent in 30 (52.6%). Patients with TM had a greater likelihood of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) vs seminomatous (55.6% vs 30%, p=0.05), stage II/III testicular cancer (51.8% vs 16.7%, p=0.005), positive surgical margins (18.5% vs 0%, p=0.021), and spermatic cord invasion (14.8% vs 0%, p=0.048). No significant difference was found in respect to other histopathological variables. CONCLUSION: This study showed that TM in testicular tumors is associated to NSGCT, advanced clinical stage, positive surgical margins, and spermatic cord invasion.

Importancia de microlitiasis en ultrasonido de neoplasias de células germinales de testículo / Importance of microlithiasis in testicular germ cell tumor ultrasound

Introducción: La microlitiasis testicular (MT) es un hallazgo poco frecuente en el ultrasonograma cuyo significado clínico no se ha definido. El presente estudio se realizó en pacientes con tumores de células germinales de testículo para analizar la relación entre MT, los hallazgos histológicos y las variables clínicas. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 57 pacientes sometidos a orquiectomía radical por neoplasia testicular germinal y se revisaron las variables clínico patológicas y ultrasonográficas. Resultados: Hubo 30 hombres (52,6%) sin MT y 27 hombres con MT (48,27%). Los pacientes con MT tuvieron mayor proporción de tumor germinal no seminomatoso (TGNS, 55,6% vs 30%, p=0,05),de cáncer testicular estadio II/III (51,8% vs 16,7%, p=0,005), de borde quirúrgico positivo (18,5% vs0%, p=0,021) y de invasión al cordón espermático (14,8% vs 0%, p=0,048). No se encontró diferencia significativa en relación a otras variables histopatológicas. Conclusión: En este estudio se demostró una asociación entre MT en tumores testiculares con el hallazgo de TGNS, estadio clínico avanzado, borde quirúrgico positivo e invasión al cordón (AU)

Introduction: Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is an infrequent finding in testicular ultrasound and its clinical importance has not been completely defined. We analyzed the ultrasounds of patients with testicular germ cell tumors in order to analyze the correlation between TM, histological findings and clinical variables. Methods and materials: Fifty-seven patients with germ cell tumors and radical orchiectomy were included. Clinical, pathological, and echographic data were analyzed. Results: TM was observed in 27 men (48.27%) and was absent in 30 (52.6%). Patients with TM had a greater likelihood of non seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) vs seminomatous (55.6% vs 30%,p=0.05), stage II/III testicular cancer (51.8% vs 16.7%, p=0.005), positive surgical margins (18.5% vs0%, p=0.021), and spermatic cord invasion (14.8% vs 0%, p=0.048). No significant difference was found in respect to other histopathological variables. Conclusion: This study showed that TM in testicular tumors is associated to NSGCT, advanced clinical stage, positive surgical margins, and spermatic cord invasion (AU)

[Radiofrequency ablation of renal lesions: initial experience in a center of reference in Mexico City (INNSZ)]. / Ablación por radiofrecuencia de lesiones renales: experiencia inicial en un centro de referencia en la ciudad de México (INNSZ).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: With the advances of technology, the incidence of renal cancer has increased, but the stage at the time of diagnosis has decreased. In selected patients nephron sparing surgery can be made but there are patients who have important comorbidities and therefore they are not candidates to surgical management. For them, there are new minimally invasive procedures that use different types of energy to perform ablation of the neoplastic tissue; one of which is radiofrequency ablation. This article reports the initial experience with this therapeutic modality in a reference center of Mexico City. METHODS: Four patients with 5 renal masses of 3 cm or less, and with significant comorbidities that exclude the possibility of surgery, underwent radiofrequency ablation under fluoroscopic guidance. RESULTS: Five renal tumors in four patients were treated with radiofrequency ablation in a period of 18 months. No major complication during the procedure was reported, mean follow- up was of 12 months and they keep a good oncologic control. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency ablation is a safe and reproducible therapeutic option for patients with incidental renal masses below 3 cm. We need more follow up to compare oncologic control with the gold standard, surgery.