ABSTRACT
Se presenta una escala breve derivada de la Escala para la Evaluación del Síndrome de la Dependencia de la Nicotina (NDSS). A una muestra de 1.061 fumadores diarios, evaluados en Centros de Atención Primaria, Unidad de Alcoholismo y Unidad de Tabaquismo, se les aplicó la NDSS y la SCID para evaluar dependencia de la nicotina con criterios DSM-IV. Los resultados indican la existencia de un factor general de dependencia de la nicotina con la NDSS. Seleccionamos los ítems con mayor carga factorial (>0,50), obteniendo una escala corta de 6 ítems. Con ella obtenemos resultados semejantes a los de la escala total en las distintas variables del estudio (sociodemográficas y de consumo de cigarrillos). Su fiabilidad es buena (alfa= 0,79), la correlación entre la escala corta y la total es muy alta (r= 0,95, p<,001) y discrimina a los fumadores en función del consumo de cigarrillos y dependencia de la nicotina, tal y como hemos evaluado con la SCID. Su funcionamiento según las curvas ROC es excelente (área de 0,84 bajo la curva). Todo ello sugiere la utilidad de esta escala breve (NDSS-S) para evaluar la dependencia de la nicotina en fumadores (AU)
We present a brief scale derived from the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS). We used a sample of 1.061 daily smokers, which was obtained from fi ve Primary Care Health Centers, a Unit of Alcoholism, and a Smoking Cessation Unit. All smokers were evaluated with the NDSS and the SCID to assess nicotine dependence according to DSM-IV criteria. The results indicate the existence of a general factor of nicotine dependence according to the NDSS. We selected the items with a higher factor loading (>.50), obtaining a short scale of 6 items. With this brief scale, we obtained results similar to those of the total scale in the diverse variables (sociodemographic and smoking) of the study. Scale reliability is satisfactory (alpha= .79), the correlation between the short and the total scale is very high (r=.95, p<.001) and the short scale discriminates the smokers in terms of cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence, as assessed with the SCID. The operation under the ROC curve is excellent (area under the curve .84). The data indicate the usefulness of this brief scale (NDSS-S) to assess nicotine dependence in smokers (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/psychology , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale/statistics & numerical data , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/epidemiology , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychology , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , Nicotine/adverse effects , Nicotine/toxicity , Primary Health Care/methods , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
We present a brief scale derived from the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS). We used a sample of 1.061 daily smokers, which was obtained from five Primary Care Health Centers, a Unit of Alcoholism, and a Smoking Cessation Unit. All smokers were evaluated with the NDSS and the SCID to assess nicotine dependence according to DSM-IV criteria. The results indicate the existence of a general factor of nicotine dependence according to the NDSS. We selected the items with a higher factor loading (>.50), obtaining a short scale of 6 items. With this brief scale, we obtained results similar to those of the total scale in the diverse variables (sociodemographic and smoking) of the study. Scale reliability is satisfactory (a= .79), the correlation between the short and the total scale is very high (r=.95, p<.001) and the short scale discriminates the smokers in terms of cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence, as assessed with the SCID. The operation under the ROC curve is excellent (area under the curve .84). The data indicate the usefulness of this brief scale (NDSS-S) to assess nicotine dependence in smokers.
Subject(s)
Severity of Illness Index , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Area Under Curve , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , ROC Curve , Reproducibility of Results , Sampling Studies , Self Report , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/psychology , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Motivational Interviewing (MI) has proved to be effective with a wide range of addictive behaviors. However, in the case of tobacco smoking it is more difficult to demonstrate its effectiveness. MI provides specific motivational strategies for each stage of change. The aim of this paper is to review studies investigating the use of MI in the treatment of smoking in order to provide an update on its effectiveness. To this end, we reviewed the most important research published internationally and in Spain. A review of 33 selected studies leads us to conclude that it is very difficult to assess and compare the results of the studies in view of their variability and heterogeneity. Hence, it is in this area that we see the most contradictory results on its effectiveness. We therefore need more research in order to determine its reliability and possible explanations for the discrepant findings observed in studies of smoking cessation. Finally, we strongly suggest the need to know which treatment location is best, how MI functions in treatment programs and which conditions may affect its effectiveness.
Subject(s)
Interviews as Topic/methods , Motivation , Smoking/therapy , Humans , Smoking/psychologyABSTRACT
La Entrevista Motivacional (EM) ha demostrado su eficacia en un amplio rango de conductas adictivas. Sin embargo, con el tabaco es donde resulta más difícil demostrar su eficacia. La EM proporciona estrategias motivacionales específicas para cada estadio de cambio. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los estudios que investigan el uso de la EM en el tratamiento del tabaquismo con el fin de ofrecer una actualización de su eficacia. Para ello, se han revisado las investigaciones más importantes, publicadas a nivel internacional y en España. La revisión de los 33estudios seleccionados nos lleva a concluir que es muy difícil evaluar y comparar los resultados de los estudios entre sí, debido a la variabilidad y heterogeneidad de los mismos. De ahí que sea en este campo donde se muestren los resultados más contradictorios sobre su eficacia. Se necesita, por lo tanto, más investigación para determinar la fiabilidad y las posibles explicaciones para los hallazgos discrepantes observados en el tabaquismo. Finalmente se sugiere la necesidad de conocer dónde y cómo interviene la EM dentro del tratamiento y qué condiciones podrían afectar a su eficacia (AU)
Motivational Interviewing (MI) has proved to be effective with a wide range of addictive behaviors. However, in the case of tobacco smoking it is more difficult to demonstrate its effectiveness. MI provides specific motivational strategies for each stage of change. The aim of this paper is to review studies investigating the use of MI in the treatment of smoking in order to provide an update on its effectiveness. To this end, we reviewed the most important research published internationally and in Spain. A review of 33 selected studies leads us to conclude that it is very difficult to assess and compare the results of the studies in view of their variability and heterogeneity. Hence, it is in this area that we see the most contradictory results on its effectiveness. We therefore need more research in order to determine its reliability and possible explanations for the discrepant findings observed in studies of smoking cessation. Finally, we strongly suggest the need to know which treatment location is best, how MI functions in treatment programs and which conditions may affect its effectiveness (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Interview, Psychological/methods , Motivation , Smoking/therapy , Smoking Cessation/psychologyABSTRACT
En los últimos años se constata una gran demanda de intervenciones de autoayuda para dejar de fumar, ya que la mayoría de los fumadores prefieren abandonar su hábito por si mismos. Esto ha llevado a que se intente mejorar la eficacia de estos tratamientos. Una forma de lograrlo es con intervenciones telefónicas de apoyo. En este trabajo, se presenta el tratamiento de una fumadora, de 35 años de edad, con una historia de 18 años de consumo de cigarrillos y sin ningún intento previo de abandono del tabaco. La fumadora solicitó un programa de autoayuda por correo para dejar de fumar. Además del programa, recibió intervención telefónica de apoyo, una vez a la semana, a lo largo de todo el tratamiento (seis semanas). Dejó de fumar con el tratamiento y se mantuvo abstinente en los seguimientos realizados tres, seis y doce meses después de finalizado el mismo (AU)
No disponible
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , Tobacco Use Cessation/psychology , Tobacco Use Cessation/methods , Telephone , Self-Help Groups , Self-Assessment , Self-Evaluation Programs/methods , Quality of Life , 16672/trends , Fatigue/diagnosis , Health Promotion/methods , Health Programs and Plans/standards , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/diagnosis , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/complications , Headache/diagnosis , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Cost-Benefit Analysis/standardsABSTRACT
El presente reporte describe el trabajo psicoterapéutico llevado a cabo en la unidad de rehabilitación cardíaca del Hospital Militar de Caracas Dr. Carlos Arvelo, como parte de un proyecto asistencial-investigativo en donde concluyen especialistas de diferentes áreas, con la finalidad de mejorar de manera integral la calidad de vida del paciente cardiópata
