ABSTRACT
The treatment of choice for malignant eyelid tumors is surgical excision. If this is not feasible or undesirable, a number of alternative treatments are available. Possible systemic preparations are vismodegib and sonidegib for basal cell carcinoma as well as cetuximab and cemiplimab for squamous cell carcinoma. Cryodestruction is possible for superficial tumors. In situ findings can be treated with the local preparations imiquimod or 5fluorouracil and with photodynamic therapy. An interdisciplinary cooperation with dermatologists is advisable.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Eyelid Neoplasms , Photochemotherapy , Skin Neoplasms , Eyelid Neoplasms/therapy , Humans , Skin Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
Geographic atrophy, the dry form and late manifestation of age-related macular degeneration, is the next challenge following the breakthrough in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Various interventional pharmacologic approaches with different targets are already being tested in clinical interventional trials. These include reduction of retinal toxins, anti-inflammatory agents, complement inhibition, neuroprotection and alleviation of oxidative stress. Until efficacy and safety is demonstrated, aids for poor vision and further rehabilitative measures remain essential for patients with advanced dry AMD.
Subject(s)
Geographic Atrophy/drug therapy , Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Clinical Trials as Topic , Complement Inactivating Agents/therapeutic use , Eye Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Fenretinide/therapeutic use , Geographic Atrophy/blood , Geographic Atrophy/etiology , Humans , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/drug effects , Serotonin Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use , Vision Tests , Vitamin A/blood , cis-trans-IsomerasesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We have previously reported on measuring macular pigment density (MPD) with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (HRA, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). This study war undertaken to evaluate the variation of MPD over a period of 1 year in healthy subjects. METHOD: We used autofluorescence images recorded with a HRA to evaluate MPD with a 2 degrees circle centered on the fovea. Healthy subjects were included in the study and MPD measurements were repeated every 2 months over a period of 1 year. RESULTS: We included a total of 30 healthy subjects aged 19-34 years (mean: 23+/-2 years). Mean MPD at time point 1 was 0.215+/-0.056 density units (DU), at time point 2 0.235+/-0.051 DU, at time point 3 0.218+/-0.055 DU, at time point 4 0.228+/-0.057 DU, at time point 5 0.225+/-0.053 DU, and at time point 6 0.203+/-0.050 DU. The statistical analysis revealed no significant variation of MPD over the follow-up period of 1 year. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that MPD shows no variation over a period of 1 year in healthy subjects.
