ABSTRACT
Microincision cataract surgery (MICS) is an important advancement in the field of cataract surgery. This article compares an aberration corrected hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) having a hydrophobic surface for MICS with a one-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOL with respect to capsule sac stability, image quality, and after-cataract formation over the course of 1 year. The operations were performed as bimanual MICS or coaxial phacoemulsification. Overall the results after implantation of the IOL by MICS can be regarded as positive in comparison to the standard operation.
Subject(s)
Cataract Extraction/adverse effects , Lens Implantation, Intraocular/methods , Lenses, Intraocular , Microsurgery/methods , Refractive Errors/rehabilitation , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Equipment Failure Analysis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prosthesis Design , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Leptothorax acervorum, L. muscorum, and L. nylanderi recruit nest mates to a new food source by tandem running, with only one nest mate being recruited at a time. This technique is initiated by a special "tandem calling" behavior; the recruiter slants its gaster upward and discharges poison gland secretions from the extruded sting. Nest mates are attracted, and as soon as one of them touches the calling ant, tandem running starts. Further details of the full recruitment sequence are provided. Evidence is presented to suggest that tandem running is the evolutionary precursor of odor-trail communication and sex attraction within certain phylogenetic lines of myrmicine ants.
