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Mucosal Immunol ; 2(2): 166-72, 2009 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19129752

ABSTRACT

Inducible epithelial human beta-defensins (hBD) play an important role in intestinal barrier function. In vitro studies showed that clinically effective probiotics induce antimicrobial hBD-2. Here, we aimed to assess the in vivo effect in healthy volunteers and also addressed how defensins affect probiotic survival. Symbioflor 2 containing one strain of several viable genotypes of Escherichia coli was administered to 23 healthy individuals. After 3 weeks, fecal hBD-2 peptide was increased in 78% (mean 3.7-fold; P<0.0001). Interestingly, the fecal hBD-2 peptide was still elevated 9 weeks after treatment (P=0.008). In vitro studies revealed that this effect was mediated by only one out of three tested E. coli genotypes and comparable to probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (10- to 15-fold). Functional assays showed that all tested bacteria were similarly killed by defensins allowing to speculate about a suicidal character of this effect. Defensin induction seems to be a common and important mechanism of probiotic treatment.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Escherichia coli/physiology , Feces/chemistry , Probiotics/pharmacology , beta-Defensins/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Caco-2 Cells , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Humans , Microbial Viability/drug effects , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Species Specificity
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