ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The propensity for bacterial localization within bones of juvenile pigs is similar to the situation in humans, where haematogenously based osteomyelitis most commonly occurs in infants and children. In both pigs and humans, Staphylococcus aureus is a dominant cause of pyaemic lesions including osteomyelitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pig as a model for the development of osteomyelitis following haematogenous spread of S. aureus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve animals were challenged intravenously once or twice with 1x10(8) bacteria/kg body weight and euthanased consecutively from 6 h to 48 h after challenge. Following euthanasia, tissues were sampled from the lungs and bones for histology and immunohistochemical staining of vessels, different inflammatiory cells, apoptosis cells, and S. aureus. RESULTS: Disseminated microabscesses developed within the lungs by 6 h but had disappeared at 48 h. Within the metaphyseal area of bones, microabscesses developed after 12 h and progressed until 48 h after challenge. Within bones, lesions were localized in separate foci from where the infection progressed towards the growth plate, which was in some cases bypassed due to bacterial spread through transphyseal vascular channels. Often, bone lesions resulted in trabecular osteosis, in which apoptotic cells were sometimes present. CONCLUSION: The model revealed a pattern of development and presence of lesions similar to the frequently occurring osteomyelitic lesions, especially in pre-pubertal children following haematogenous spread of S. aureus. Therefore, this model can be reliably applied in studies of this disease with respect to pathophysiology, pathomorphology, impact of strain virulence, and therapy.
Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , Osteomyelitis/physiopathology , Staphylococcal Infections/physiopathology , Staphylococcus aureus , Sus scrofa , Animals , Apoptosis , Female , Immunohistochemistry , Injections, Intravenous , Lung/microbiology , Lung/pathology , Lung Diseases/microbiology , Lung Diseases/pathology , Lung Diseases/physiopathology , Osteomyelitis/microbiology , Osteomyelitis/pathology , Radius/microbiology , Radius/pathology , Staphylococcal Infections/pathology , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , VirulenceABSTRACT
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus can be induced or precipitated by a variety of drugs. Among the cutaneous variants of lupus, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus is the one most often associated with drug intake. The time lag between drug intake and skin eruption makes the clinical association less obvious, and the condition is often overlooked. We report on a 50-year-old woman with previously diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus who had a severe cutaneous flare-up seven weeks after starting treatment with terbinafine for suspected onychomycosis.
