Lidar as a potential tool for monitoring migratory insects.

The seasonal migrations of insects involve a substantial displacement of biomass with significant ecological and economic consequences for regions of departure and arrival. Remote sensors have played a pivotal role in revealing the magnitude and general direction of bioflows above 150 m. Nevertheless, the takeoff and descent activity of insects below this height is poorly understood. Our lidar observations elucidate the low-height dusk movements and detailed information of insects in southern Sweden from May to July, during the yearly northward migration period. Importantly, by filtering out moths from other insects based on optical information and wingbeat frequency, we have introduced a promising new method to monitor the flight activities of nocturnal moths near the ground, many of which participate in migration through the area. Lidar thus holds the potential to enhance the scientific understanding of insect migratory behavior and improve pest control strategies.

Remote Nanoscopy with Infrared Elastic Hyperspectral Lidar.

Monitoring insects of different species to understand the factors affecting their diversity and decline is a major challenge. Laser remote sensing and spectroscopy offer promising novel solutions to this. Coherent scattering from thin wing membranes also known as wing interference patterns (WIPs) have recently been demonstrated to be species specific. The colors of WIPs arise due to unique fringy spectra, which can be retrieved over long distances. To demonstrate this, a new concept of infrared (950-1650 nm) hyperspectral lidar with 64 spectral bands based on a supercontinuum light source using ray-tracing and 3D printing is developed. A lidar with an unprecedented number of spectral channels, high signal-to-noise ratio, and spatio-temporal resolution enabling detection of free-flying insects and their wingbeats. As proof of principle, coherent scatter from a damselfly wing at 87 m distance without averaging (4 ms recording) is retrieved. The fringed signal properties are used to determine an effective wing membrane thickness of 1412 nm with ±4 nm precision matching laboratory recordings of the same wing. Similar signals from free flying insects (2 ms recording) are later recorded. The accuracy and the method's potential are discussed to discriminate species by capturing coherent features from free-flying insects.

Qualidade da carne de novilhos Charolês confinados e abatidos com diferentes pesos / Meat quality of Charolais steers slaughtered with different weights

Foi comparada a qualidade da carne de 18 novilhos de corte Charolês, com trinta meses de idade, alimentados durante diferentes períodos e abatidos com diferentes pesos: T1 = 421 kg; T2 = 461 kg; e T3 = 495kg. O marmoreio, a coloração e a textura da carne não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Os animais do T1, apresentaram carne com maior perda ao descongelamento (8,1%) em relação a proveniente dos animais do T2 e T3 (4,8 e 5,1%, respectivamente). No entanto, durante a cocção, a carne do T2, apresentou maior perda em relação à carne do T3. Não verificou-se diferença estatística para maciez da carne, tanto na análise sensorial (painel de degustadores) como na análise instrumental (WB-Shear). Os animais abatidos com maior peso apresentaram carne com maior suculência e palatabilidade.

Meat quality of eighteen Charolais steers, 30 months old, feedlot finished with different slaughter weights: T1 = 421 kg; T2 = 461 kg; and T3 = 495kg was evaluated. Meat marbling, color and texture did not differ among treatments. T1 meat showed higher thawing losses (8.1%) than T2 and T3 meat (4.8 and 5.1%, respectively), while cooking losses were higher in T2 meat than for T3. No statistical difference was observed among treatments for meat tenderness (panel or WB-Shear). Meat of higher slaughter weight steers was juicier and had better flavor.